Personality Flashcards
Repression
Quarantines from consciousness threatening, anxiety-producing impulses
UNDERLIES ALL OTHER D.M.
Denial
Rejects or alters reality
Does not exist, not real
Displacement
Take out anxiety (anger) on a less threatening object
“Kick the dog”
Projection
Ascribes or “projects” subjective thoughts or feelings onto someone else
Where’s ur hw?
“I didn’t know we had hw!”
NOT MY PROBLEM, BUT YOURS
Reaction formation
Unconsciously expressing an impulse as the opposite of the impulse
Don’t like someone, when in a group tho u pretend to like the person and get along with them.
Regression
Retreat to an earlier infantile stage of development
Doesn’t get your way; you pout (unappealing when u r a young adult)
Rationalization
Camouflaging Our real reasons or motives for doing something with the plausible excuse
-self justification
Sublimation
Transforming unacceptable impulses into socially-acceptable actions
Takes disappointment and makes it into motivation
Ego defense mechanism
Evolved to address Anxiety
- > result of dynamic between the ID and super ego
- –pleasure vs morality
- > major cause of neurotic disorders
Personality
An individual's enduring pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving Enduring covert (thoughts and feelings) and overt patterns of behavior
Biological
Predetermined genetic makeup and environmental contingences -> influenced and raised (rural urban; rich poor) = traits w/ adaptive (survival) value (nature us nurture)
Psychoanalytic
FREUD
Personality is determined by dynamics of an unconscious (things that we are unaware of that goes on in our lives)
Deterministic
(Allusion) anti-free will, no choice,
Evolutionary psychology
traits w/ adaptive value ex. Moved from collville to New York
Heritability
The extent to which differences in personality traits among individuals in a particular culture or population are due to genetic make up
Core theories of freuds psychodynamic
- An inter-dynamic, tripartate structure of the mind
- psychosexual theory of personality formation
Conscious
Awareness of our environment and thoughts
Preconscious
Temp storage of info
Info capable of becoming conscious
Unconscious
Unaware; how we experience reality (we are unaware of some things in our life)
Drives/determines personality
Id
Innate, unconscious drive for pleasure part of human nature
Governed by pleasure principle
Ego
How can I get what I want w/out getting in trouble (self-preservation)
Stores conscious experiences
Develops overtime
Deals w/ reality; balances the demands of the id and super ego
Senses Anxiety
Governed by reality principle
Super ego
Moral, laws keep our personal needs in check
The dynamic of the mind that extends the morals of society
Influence of the parents and demands of society
LEARNED
Governed by moral principle
Psychosexual development
Evolves from its experiences with the key source of pleasure
Oral
Fixation: passive(quite, gullible, “swallow anything” thumbsucking) /aggressive (loud, sarcastic, “biting”)
Ex. Sucking, nursing, mouthing objects, pencil chewers, smokers
Anal
Retentive(need to be in control, uptight) /expulsive (loud, sloppy, don’t care what they say)
Pleasure and control derived from bowel movements
Control of explosion and retention of feces
Phallic
Pleasure derived from the genitals
Oedipal crisis
Castration anxiety
Penis envy
Oedipal crisis
Deals with male child incestuous desires for the mom
Father is rival
Castration anxiety
Develops over fear of what dad will do to child if he does not renounce his possession of the mom
(Boy removes desire of mom and identifies with dad cuz he don’t want his penis to be cut off)
Penis envy
Reaction of female child of not having a penis; envies boys who have one
Latent
Sexual impulses are relatively dormant
Gential
Maturation, or not, of normal sexual interest
Trait theory of personality
GORDON ALLPORT
Cardinal
Central
Secondary traits
Cardinal trait
A defining characteristic that dominates and shapes ones attitude and behavior ex. God is LOVE aka defining trait
Central traits
General characteristics which influence ones attitude and behavior
Ex. Spirituall, leader?, intellectual?
Secondary traits
Characteristic that are situational (at the moment) and occasional
Ex. (Dean office) I won’t do it again( just to get through the situation) not enduring just saying it to get by
Trait theories
Focuses upon describing enduring characteristics patterns of behavior or traits which make-up personality
Raymond cattell
Surface traits
Source traits
Surface traits
Observable personality t a it’s which a group of ppl may or may not share in common
Source traits
Traits that underline those observable traits that a group of ppl share in common
Led to CATTELL “sixteen personality factors”
Ex. All different traits (warmth, liveliness, sensitive)
Han Eysenck
Factor analysis: a statistic method used to distill common traits from among a long list of traits; led to……….
- extroversion
- neuroticism
- psychoticism
Extroversion
Measures level of sociability
Relationship to the external environment
Neuroticism
Measures level of instability
Psychoticism
Measures level of tough-mindedness
Costa and McCrae
5-factor model (OCEAN) Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Nomothetic methods
Assess for group/ social characteristics
Idiographic methods
Assess for individual characteristics
Projective tests
Reveal subjective, unconscious thoughts and feelings
- Rorschach
- Thematic apperception test
Rorschach
Given rando image and ask you what it looks like to you……..based on response=personality (tap into your unconscious)
Thematic apperception test
Interpreting pics
Self-report inventories
Differentiate ppl according to a particular personality scale;
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
Myers-Briggs type indicator (C.G. Jung)
16- personality factor questionnaire (Cattell)
Personal orientation inventory (MASLOW)
Big five questionnaire (BFQ) Costa and mcCrae)
Hawthorn effect
When people know they are being observed, they change their behavior to confirm to expectations to make themselves look good
Halo effect
Halo on Peyton Manning because he is good at football making us think he is a good and positive person
Myers-Briggs type indicator (C.G. Jung)
Assessment of personality traits Introversion Extroversion Thinking Feeling Intuitive Sensing Preceiving and Judging were added later
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
Diagnoses abnormal personality characteristics
Clinically used to help assess personality disorders
Oral passive
Passive
Gullible
Will “swallow anything”
Oral aggressive
Aggressive
Sarcastic
“Biting” personality
Anal retentive
Uptight
Controlling
Anal expulsive
Impulsive
Cognitive/Social Cognitive approach
Focuses upon the interaction of our perceptions and our environment
- how our environment influences our thoughts and choices
- how our choices influence our environment
Albert Bandura
Reciprocal determinism
Bobo doll experiment
Reciprocal determinism
Behavior, internal personal factors, and environmental influences all operate as interlocking determinants of eachother
-modeling/observational learning
Bobo doll experiment
A quasi-experiment in which children watched adults aggressively kick and hit an inflatable doll
-subsequent behaviors of the children imitated the adults
George Kelly
Personal construct theory
Julian rotter
Internal locus of control: I am in control of my future, choices
Eternal locus of control: I am not in control (fate/circumstances is in control)
Walter Mischel
Cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)
Humanistic approach
A positive view of human nature and of an internal locus of control
Correlates with free-will and the development of human potential
Abraham maslow
Humanistic approach
Developed hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization:
helpless behavior: uncontrollable bad events->perceived lack of control-> HB
Carl Rogers
Unconditional positive regard: interaction w/ patients
-attitude of acceptance of persons
- part of growth producing environment including:
Acceptance
empathy
Genuineness
