State and Federal Oversight for Disease Prevention and Eradication

Question 1

What are some state agencies/employees that are in charge of livestock animal health?

Answer 1

1. Dept. of Agriculture (also state veterinarians)
2. Dept. of Health
3. Lab networks

Question 2

What are some federal agencies/employees that are in charge of livestock animal health?

Answer 2

1. USDA
2. FDA
3. Department of homeland security
4. CDC
5. military

Question 3

Responsibilities of a state veterinarian

Answer 3

1. protecting animal health and well-being
2. enforcement of regulations pertaining to animal import permits and animal welfare
3. ensuring the safety of meat and poultry intended for human consumption

Question 4

Responsibilities of State public health veterinarians

Answer 4

1. control and prevention of zoonotic diseases
2. consult with physicians. legislators, local officials, schools, etc.
3. ensure the safety of animal products intended for human consumption

Question 5

USDA

Answer 5

responsible for animal disease surveillance, disease eradication programs, vet accreditation, animal health monitoring and endorsement of health certificates at the federal level

Question 6

USDA APHIS Programs

Answer 6

Nation Animal Health Surveillance System and national animal health monitoring system

Question 7

Collaboration for one health animal

Answer 7

approach to achieve optimal health and well being outcomes recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment

Question 8

US One Health Programs

Answer 8

1. USDA
2. CDC
3. FDA
4. NIH
5. EPA
6. US fish and wildlife services
7. tribal nations
8. USAID

Question 9

International collaboration in one health

Answer 9

1. World health org
2. food and agriculture org
3. world organization for animal health

Question 10

What is a reportable disease?

Answer 10

disease by law must be reported to state or federal animal or public health official when it is suspected or diagnosed

Question 11

What is the goal of reporting diseases?

Answer 11

identify disease outbreaks, limit their spread, minimize economic and health impacts on people and animals

Question 12

What are some possible reporters for animal/zoonotic diseases?

Answer 12

-vets
-producers
-farm or ranch employees
-laboratory personeel
-truckers or shippers
-slaughterhouse workers
-animal facility employees

Question 13

Who do you report to?

Answer 13

your vet or the state vet

Question 14

Who creates the list of reportable disease for livestock, poultry, and aquatic animal species?

Answer 14

World organization for animal health

Question 15

Who creates the list of reportable disease for cattle, small ruminants, horses, pigs, poultry, and aquatic species?

Answer 15

USDA

Question 16

Who creates the list of reportable disease for human illnesses some which are zoonotic?

Answer 16

CDC

Question 17

What is bioterrorism?

Answer 17

deliberate use of pathogens to cause illness or death in people or animals

Question 18

Category A pathogens

Answer 18

-easily disseminated/transmitted person to person
-high mortality rates
-might cause public panic and social disruption
-requires special action for public health

Question 19

Category A examples

Answer 19

anthrax, ebola, smallpox, plague

Question 20

How do we control disease movement?

Answer 20

have interstate and federal regulations on transport, testing, etc.

Question 21

What can regulations for controlling disease movement include?

Answer 21

1. CVI
2. permanent official identification
3. permit for entry
4. additional testing, vaccination, or certificate free of disease

Question 22

CVI (Certificate of Veterinary Inspection)

Answer 22

-signed by USDA accredited vet
-indicates animal health status
-a statement saying the animal is not known to be infected with or exposed to any infectious disease through examination and any required testing

Question 23

Additional required testing will depend on…

Answer 23

age, species, site of origin, destination, and purpose

Question 24

What additional testing may be included?

Answer 24

-scrapie
-tb
-brucellosis
-pseudorabies
-equine infectious anemia
-salmonella pullorum
-avian influenza

Question 25

Disease control

Answer 25

-reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, or mortality to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts
-continued intervention measures are required

Question 26

Disease elimination

Answer 26

-reduction of incidence of a specific disease to zero in a defined geographical area through deliberate efforts
-continued intervention measures are required

Question 27

disease eradication

Answer 27

-permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent
-intervention measures are no longer needed

Question 28

What two diseases have been eradicated?

Answer 28

1. smallpox
2. rinderpest

Question 29

Name some infectious disease eradication programs:

Answer 29

1. national poultry improvement plan
2. national scrapie eradication program
3. brucellosis and tb eradication program
4. pseudorabies

Question 30

What is rinderpest?

Answer 30

morbillivirus closely related to pests des petits ruminants and canine distemper

Question 31

What does rinderpest affect?

Answer 31

all even-toed ungulates are susceptible caused very high mortality in cattle

Question 32

Symptoms of rinderpest

Answer 32

-fever
-necrotic stomatitis
-oculonasal discharge
-gastroenteristis
-lymph node swelling
-high mortality

Question 33

How is rinderpest spread?

Answer 33

by direct contact

Question 34

How was rinderpest eradicated?

Answer 34

1. once you got it you were immune
2. no carrier state
3. good vaccine
4. culling and quaratine
5. virus was fragile in environment