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Animal Diseases > Emergency Response and Animal Health > Flashcards

Emergency Response and Animal Health Flashcards

1
Q

What should you have for basic emergency preparedness?

A
  1. contact info of emergency and medical personnel posted in a highly visible area
  2. have a vet relationship and have a mobile vet and back up
  3. knowledge of location to nearest vets evacuation routes, shelters
  4. animal ID and proof of ownership
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2
Q

What should you have for animals in an emergency?

A

-ability to transport then safely
-adequate feed and fresh water if needed to shelter in place
-first aid kid
-back up power

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3
Q

AVMA Top 13 First Aid Emergencies

A
  1. severe bleeding (doesn’t stop after 5 minutes)
  2. choking
  3. bleeding from nose, mouth, rectum, coughing up blood, or blood in urine
  4. inability to pass fluids or solids
  5. eye injuries and conditions
  6. consumption of toxins
  7. seizures or staggers
  8. fractures or lameness
  9. signs of obvious pain or anxiety
  10. heat stress/stroke
  11. severe vomiting or diarrhea
  12. extended refusal to eat or drink
  13. unconsciousness
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4
Q

What is the first priority in an emergency?

A

your personal safety then others then animals

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5
Q

How to approach animals that have behavioral, respiratory, sudden death and neurological signs in an emergency?

A

carefully

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6
Q

Why are animals dangerous during an emergency?

A

they could be in pain and lash out, panic, and are confused

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7
Q

What to do for an animal emergency first?

A

be careful and isolate and stabilize the animal if possible

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8
Q

If a livestock larger animal is down what do you do?

A

make sure they stay down if it is only you handling them and make them comfortable

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9
Q

If an animal isn’t stable but standing what do you do?

A

keep them standing and provide support with towels slings etc

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10
Q

What should you do if they have injured limbs?

A

supported and padded so they stay in place

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11
Q

How do you handle an unstable animal?

A

-calm movements and voice
-cover animals eyes to reduce stress
-if nursing young keep baby with them
-find a clean dry location away from other animals

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12
Q

First aid of animals

A
  1. maintain airway and breathing
  2. treat wound and stop severe bleeding
  3. stabilize animal and minimize pain
  4. administer pain meds if allowed
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13
Q

ABCs of First Aid

A

A-airway
B-breathing
C-circulation

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14
Q

Airway

A

-obstruction/compromise of airway needs to be immediately resolved
-animals with choke can be in respiratory distress

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15
Q

What can early signs of rabies look like?

A

choke signs

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16
Q

Circulation

A

apply pressure bandages to all sources of external hemorrhages

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17
Q

Most animals have a blood volume of….

A

10% their body weight

18
Q

Most animals lose how much blood prior to hypovolemic shock?

A

10% of blood volume (~1% of body weight)

19
Q

Math to figure out how much blood they can lose before hypovolemic shock

A
  1. first change pounds to kilograms 1LB=2.2kg
  2. then change kilograms into grams 1kg=1000g
  3. change grams into mL 1 gram= 0.01 mL
20
Q

What should be in your basic first aid kit

A
  1. rope, towels, and halters
  2. stethoscope
  3. thermometer
  4. medical scissors and tweezers
  5. pliers and shears
  6. exam gloves
  7. leather gloves
  8. instant ice pack
  9. vet phone numbers
  10. phone with camera
  11. treats
  12. light source with batteries
  13. saline solution
  14. disinfectant/antiseptic
  15. antibiotic cream
  16. medical and duct tape
  17. styptic powder
  18. bandage material
  19. splint materials like PVC pipe
21
Q

What should you have in first aid kit with vet approval?

A

-syringes and needles
-sedatives
-pain medications

22
Q

What should you do to maintain first aid kits?

A
  1. avoid freezing, extreme heat, direct sunlight
  2. refill items as used
  3. have several kits in strategic locations and vehicles
  4. train your team on location and use
23
Q

Hyperthermia

A

pathologic increase in core body temp without and increase in body thermal set point

24
Q

What does increased body temp lead to?

A

-increase in tissue oxygen demand
-leads to cellular destruction
-vasculitis (inflammation of vessels)
-dehydration

25
Q

Signs of heat stress/stroke

A
  1. hyperthermia
  2. edema (fluid accumulation)
  3. anxiety
  4. respiratory difficulty
  5. unsteady gait or laying down
  6. stops sweating
26
Q

What is severely affected during heat stroke/stress?

A

CNS muscles cardiopulmonary system severely affected

27
Q

How to treat heat stress/stroke?

A

cooling with fans or air conditioning, shearing, pools of water cool with hose water and cool iv fluids

28
Q

Wound first aid

A

STOP bleeding first

29
Q

Call vet in wound first aid if:

A

-excessive hemorrhage
-laceration with a structure under skin visible
-wounds over joints
-dirty contaminated wound
-impaling wound

30
Q

Septicemia

A

bacteria in the blood can develop inn <24 hours

31
Q

For soft tissue wound what should you focus on first?

A

stabilizing the whole patient

32
Q

What to do for soft tissue wounds?

A

-place a temporary bandage
-stops hemorrhage and keeps wound from drying

33
Q

All growing feather have a ________ supply.

A

blood

34
Q

If a feather is broken or cut?

A

Apply direct pressure at base

35
Q

If there is a broken blood feather what may be necessary?

A

removing feather

36
Q

If there is a fracture and luxation what do you do?

A

-splinting or bandaging
-have knowledge of normal anatomy
-should be done with direction or vet

37
Q

Splinting of bandaging may be necessary to:

A

-minimize pain
-stop hemorrhage
-prevent exacerbation of injury
-prevent further contamination

38
Q

What can improper carcass disposal cause?

A

-risk to ground and surface water from leaching chemical
-risks to human and animal health
-nuisance complaints

39
Q

Carcass disposal options

A
  1. burial
  2. landfills
  3. incineration/cremation
  4. rendering
  5. composting
40
Q

rendering

A

carcasses are exposed to high temps using pressurized stream to ensure destruction of most pathogen used for prion diseases

Animal Diseases (12 decks)

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