Staphylococci Flashcards
Explain Staphlylococci traits
- Gram positive
- Non motile cocci (>30 species)
How does Staphlococci contrast to streptococcus
- Staphlococci = clusters like bunch of grapes, catalase positive
- Streptococcus = chains, catalase negative
Staphylococcus aureus features
- B hemolytic
- Coagulase positive
What is Staphlococcus aureus?
- Gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium
- frequently found in the upper respiratory tract on the skin
What does Staphylococcus aureus cause in new born?
- Pneumonia and septicaemia
Staph. aureus is a common _____ infection
- Skin
What does Staph. aureus cause?
- Pneumonia and septicaemia
- Skin infection
- Septic arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
-Endocarditis - Wound infections, absesses
What is septic arthritis?
- Damage and infection of the joint
- Can cause a lot of tissue damage to the bones and cartilage
In septic arthritis, how does bacteria get into the joint?
- via the blood stream
- From an injury that cuts into the joint
- During surgery
What is Osteomyelitis?
- infection of the bone itself
- Bacteria has seeded into the bone instead of the joint
What is Hematogenous osteomyelitis
- bacteria is also in the blood, common in children
What is Endocarditis
- inflammation inside heart tissues and valves
What is Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)
- Initial infection in the mouth, nasal cavities, throat or umbilicus
- A lytic toxin is produced which affects the skin at remote sites leading to desquamation
who tends to have scalded skin syndrome
- Mostly young children particularly neonates
How long does it take SSS to heal
- heals in a matter of weeks
How does Staphylococci aureus cause food poisoning
- Caused by ingestion of performed toxin NOT human infection
- very rapid, vomiting and explosive diarrhea
Why is the onset and recovery occur within few hours after food poisoning of S. aureus
- Very rapid - acts on emetic receptor sites which leads to vomitting
- Inhibits water absorption which leads to explosive diarrhoea
What is the treatment for S. aureus
- Penicillin such as oxacillin, methicillin
Many MRSA strains are resistant to antibiotics, what can they be treated with
- glycopeptide antibiotic, vancomycin (could be resistant in future)
What are the feature of Staphlococcus epidermidis
- non-haemolytic
- coagulase negative
where abouts does staphlococccus epidermidis effect the body
- skin flora, gut and respiratory tract but can cause opportunistic infections
