Bacterial taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is phylogeny?

A
  • Measures the evolutionary relationships between organisms
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2
Q

What is the basis of phylogeny

A
  • all living things have genes which mutate randomly (base changes) at low frequency
  • All progeny will carry the mutation (base change)
  • Organisms differing by a few DNA base changes have diverged more recently in evolutionary time than organisms that differ by more basis
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3
Q

In phylogeny what does the branch lengths represent

A
  • evolutionary distances
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4
Q

In phylogeny what does the internal nodes represent

A
  • ancestors
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5
Q

In phylogeny what does the external nodes represent

A
  • existing strains
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6
Q

What are the steps in Taxonomic classification of microbes

A
  • Classification
  • Nomenclature
  • Identification
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7
Q

What is genotypic

A
  • Classification on the basis of genetic similarities
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8
Q

What is phenotypic

A
  • physical, structural or metabolic features
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9
Q

what is chemotaxonomic

A
  • phenotypic classification which measures degree of similarity of biochemical composition of organisms
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10
Q

What is Taxonomy

A
  • Classification based on shared characteristics (phenetic; overall similarity)
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11
Q

What is the taxonomy order

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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12
Q

What are the similarities of Bacteria and Archaea

A
  • share the same shape, size and microscopic appearance
  • Differentiation difficult with just a microscope
  • Like bacteria, archaea multiply by binary fission and if motile move primarily by means of flagella
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13
Q

What are the differences of Bacteria and Archaea

A
  • Despite morphological similarities Archaea are more angular / square-shaped than bacteria
  • Archaea do not have peptidoglycan, some have no cell wall, some may have protein S-layers, polysaccharide walls and pseudopeptidoglycan
    -Archaea genes are more similar to eukaryotes than bacteria
  • Different 70S ribosome and more complex RNA polymerase
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14
Q
A
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