Spirochaetales Flashcards
1
Q
What taxonomy is Spirochaetales?
A
- Phylogeny
2
Q
What are the characteristics of Spirochaetales
A
- Gram negative wall
- ## periplasmic flagella allows motility through highly viscous media
3
Q
Name the clinically important generas of spirochaetales
A
- Treponema
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
4
Q
Name the Venereal treponema species
A
- Syphillis
5
Q
Name the non-venereal treponema species
A
- Pinta, yaws and bejel
6
Q
What does venereal mean
A
- relating to sexual pleasure
7
Q
What does Yaws lesions look like
A
- papillomatous primary yaws lesion
- disseminated papilloma of secondary yaws
8
Q
What does Bejel lesions look like
A
- labial mucosal plaques of primary bejel
- disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella and forehead in a patient with secondary bejel
9
Q
What does pinta lesions look like
A
- squamous plaque of primary pinta
- Late achromic pinta
9
Q
How is Treponema pallidum transmitted
A
- sexually transmitted disease of the skin and flesh
- transmitted via sexual contact
- mother to child transmission
9
Q
How is Lyme disease / borreliosis transmitted
A
- by lxodus ticks
10
Q
What are the risk groups and risk areas of Lyme disease / Borreliosis
A
- Occupational risk group: foresters, gamekeepers, rangers, farmers, deer handlers
- Recreational risk groups: hikers, campers, fishers
- Risk areas linked to tick frequency
11
Q
What is the first stage of Lyme disease / Borrelosis
A
- Tick must have been feeding for at least 24 hours
Acute, localised disease at site of inoculation - Non - specific flu-like symptoms
- Erythema migrans 1-4 weeks after bite
- Without treatment rash clears within 3-4 weeks
12
Q
What is the second stage of Lyme disease/ borrelosis
A
- 80% patients get subacute, disseminated disease cardiac, neurological, skin lesions, CNS, musculoskeletal systems
13
Q
What is the third stage of Lyme disease / borrelosis
A
- Latent period of up to 1 year
- Arthritis, neurological impairment
- even with treatment a subset of patients continue to have arthritic symptoms
