Mycobacteria Flashcards
1
Q
What is Mycobacteria
A
- Unicellular rods that stain acid-fast due to a waxy, mycolic acid rich cell wall
- Gram positive
2
Q
What is the fraction of people that are resistant of infection of TB and why
A
- 2/3 exposed people are resistant to infection as they never become positive by skin test immunoreactivity
3
Q
What % of infected people of TB never develop the disease but remain infected for their lifetime
A
- 90%
4
Q
How are people usually exposed to TB
A
- through the respiratory route
- aerosols travel to the alveoli of the lungs
- bacteria are then engulfed by alveolar macrophages, which is contained
- if macrophages is unactivated then bacteria survives and replicates
5
Q
What is the clinical manifestation of TB
A
- Fever
- weight loss/ “consumption”
- weakness
-persistent cough
6
Q
What is the most common type of TB
A
- pulmonary TB is most frequent
7
Q
Name some controls for TB
A
- BCG vaccination
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
8
Q
What does BCG vaccine stand for
A
- Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine
9
Q
What is BCG vaccine
A
- most widely administered vaccine
- BCG is an attenuated livevaccine derived from M.bovis by serial passage until avirulent
10
Q
What does BCG vaccine protect against
A
- disseminated disease in children, and protects against leprosy but is efficacy in adults is poor in most studies
11
Q
What is the treatment for TB
A
- involves multidrug therapy for a minimum of 6 months using a combination of antibiotics
12
Q
What are the front-line antibiotics used for multidrug therapy against TB
A
- isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide
13
Q
What causes Leprosy disease
A
- Mycobacterium leprae
14
Q
What is the control of Leprosy
A
- Vaccination with BCG has been shown to be effective
15
Q
What is the most used antibiotic for Leprosy disease
A
- Dapsone
