Neisseriaceae Flashcards

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1
Q

What taxonomy is Neisseriaceae

A
  • Phylogeny
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2
Q

What is the general characteristics of Neisseriaceae

A
  • Gram negative aerobic rods or cocci
  • Associated with mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals
  • twitching motility via type IV pili
  • oxidase positive
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3
Q

Explain what is Neisseriaceae meningitidis

A
  • Asymptomatic commensal of the human upper respiratory tract (URT)
  • Accidental human pathogen, causing meningitis and septicaemia
  • very high morbidity and mortality
  • sporadic or epidemic outbreaks
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4
Q

Explain what is Neisseriaceae gonorrhoeae

A
  • usually sexually transmitted
  • primarily infects the urogenital epithelia
  • persistent, asymptomatic disease
  • ## rare cases of disseminated infection
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5
Q

What is the ecological niche for Neisseriaceae Meningitidis

A
  • Nasopharynx
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6
Q

How does Neiseriaceae meningitidis spread

A
  • Spreads via saliva - direct contact / droplet spread
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7
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of Neisseriaceae meningitidis

A
  • invasive phenotypes express the factors needed to invade the bloodstream
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8
Q

What are the pathogenicity factors of Neisseriaceae meningitidis

A
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
  • Type IV pili
  • Surface proteins NadA and Opa
  • Invasins
  • Iron-acquisition
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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for Meningococcal meningitis

A
  • vomiting
  • excruciating intense headache
  • other symptoms include: confusion, drowsiness, fever, sensitivity to light and a skin rash
  • eventually, neck stiffens
  • ## convulsions
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10
Q

What happens when meningococcal meningitis is left untreated

A
  • fluid build-up in the ventricles of the brain, which can result in a loss of consciousness or even death
  • need to be treated very quickly as meningococcal disease can kill within 4 hours
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11
Q

What treaments / preventions are there for meningococcal meningitis

A
  • Vaccines
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12
Q

What is the difference between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoea

A
  • N. gonorrhoea is non capsulated unlike N. meningitidis
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13
Q

What is on the outer membrane of Neisseria Gonorrhoea

A
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
  • Surfacce protein OPA
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14
Q

How do you get Neisseria gonorrhoea

A
  • via unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex
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15
Q

Signs of gonorrhoea

A
  • discharge from the genitals
  • burning when peeing
  • transmitted from mother to baby during birth
  • may rapidly perforate the cornea
  • urgent referral for intensive IV and topical treatment
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16
Q

What is Gonorrhoeas relationship with antibiotics

A
  • increased azithromycin resistance in the uk, leading to the possibility that gonorrhoea may become untreatable
17
Q

What treatments are there for Meningococcal disease

A
  • ## antibiotics - benzyl penicillin or amoxicillin
18
Q
A