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ICM Infectious Disease > Staph infections > Flashcards

Staph infections Flashcards

1
Q

Staph Gram + or -?

A

+

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2
Q

Staph catalase + or -?

A

+

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3
Q

Staph aureus coagluase + or -?

A

+

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4
Q

Staph Epidermis coaglusase + or -?

A

-

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5
Q

Staph aureus shows up how on blood agar?

A

Golden beta hemolytic colonies

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6
Q

Coagulase - staph shows up how on blood agar?

A

Small white non hemolytic colonies

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7
Q

Most virulent of staph species?

A

Staph aureus

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8
Q

How do staph epidermis infections usually happen?

A

Prosthetic devices

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9
Q

Is staph aureus part of normal flora?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Rate of colonization of S. aureus greater in who?

A

Diabetes patient
HIV patient
Skin damage

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11
Q

Diseases that cause increased risk for S. aureus?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

Job’s/Chediak-Higashi syndrome

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12
Q

Majority of MRSA cases are confined to where?

A

Skin and soft tissue (not that dangerous)

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13
Q

Pyogenic organisms cause what?

A

Abscesses

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14
Q

3 Toxins produced by Staph?

A

1) Cytotoxins
2) Pyogenic toxin superantigens
3) Exfoliative toxin

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15
Q

Pyogenic toxin superantigens mediate what two problems?

A

Food borne illness

Staph toxic shock syndrome

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16
Q

In staph food borne illness what gives the clue that it’s staph?

A

Symptoms in absence of viable bacteria

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17
Q

Where is toxin produced in toxic shock syndrome?

A

Site of colonization

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18
Q

IS there a staph vaccine?

A

No

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19
Q

Are anti-staph antibodies beneficial?

A

Only in-vitro so far

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20
Q

Infection of epidermis?

A

Impetigo

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21
Q

Infection of superficial dermis?

A

Folliculitis

22
Q

Infection of deep dermis?

A

Carbuncles, furuncles, and abscess

23
Q

Pyomyositis?

A

Infection of skeletal muscle

24
Q

Cellulitis, erysipelas, and fascitisi?

A

Infection of subcutaneous tissue

25
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Follicular infection of intertriginous areas

26
Q

Staph sepsis usually produced by what?

A

Bacteremia

27
Q

Leading cause of community acquired and healthcare acquired bacteremia?

A

Staph

28
Q

3 categories of acquired zones?

A

1) Healthcare associated (nosocomial)
2) Community acquired
3) Healthcare associated community onset (long term care facility)

29
Q

Infective endocarditis causes what growths that destroy heart valves?

A

Vegetations

30
Q

How long for duration of therapy for uncomplicated infection?

A

14 days of IV therapy

31
Q

What is SIRS?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, clinical syndrome complicating a nonifectious insult

32
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Sepsis induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation

33
Q

Frequency of pathogens?

A

Gram + > Gram - > Fungals

34
Q

To do list for septic patient?

A

Source of infection
Check respiratory status
Check perfusion
Check end organ effects

35
Q

At what point is mortality establish as highest?

A

Septic shock

36
Q

Methicillin resistance medicated by?

A

PBP-2a (Penicillin binding protein encoded by mecA)

37
Q

Where is mega gene>

A

Mobile genetic element

38
Q

Big risk factor for MRSA?

A

Recent antibiotic therapy

39
Q

Which two antibiotics are especially correlated with MRSA?

A

Cephalosporin

Fluoroquinolone

40
Q

Which is higher? Death rates from hospital acquired MRSA or community acquired?

A

Hospital acquired

41
Q

When do MRSA infections show up in hospital acquired?

A

Healthcare acquired community onset

42
Q

Key interventions Billings Clinic used>

A

Hand hygiene
Decontamination of environment
Contact precautions
Active surveillance cultures

43
Q

Next threat on the horizon in terms of resistant staph?

A

Vancomycin resistant S. aureus

44
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome caused by?

A

Exfoliative toxin from Staph

45
Q

S. aureus meningitis most commonly occurs with what?

A

Head trauma

neurosurgery

46
Q

Abdominal pain in left upper quadrant is indicative of what in staph bacteremia?

A

Splenic abscess/infarction

47
Q

What do you give as treatment before blood cultures are back?

A

Empiric antibiotic therapy

Vancomycin

48
Q

If cultures come back as methicillin sensitive what do you give

A

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cefazolin
Penicillinase resistant penicillin

49
Q

What do you give for meth resistant Staph?

A

Vancomycin

50
Q

Diagnostic criteria for SIRS?

A 
Temp > 38
HR > 90
RR > 20
WBC >12k  10% immature bands
SBP
51
Q

Vasodilatory shock?

A

Sepsis induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation

ICM Infectious Disease (19 decks)

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