Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICM Infectious Disease > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up Influenza virus?

A

Different segments of RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many main types of influenza are there?

A

3 (A,B,C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does influenza A act on?

A

Humans and animals, causes pandemics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does influenza B act on?

A

Human, doesn’t cause pandemics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does influenza C do?

A

Mild disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 surface proteins that are targets for neutralization?

A

Hemaglutinin

Neuraminidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many hemaglutinins are there?

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many neuraminindases are there?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does Influenza have a high mutation rate?

A

They are RNA viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What changes in Influenza from year to year?

A

Sequence of H1 and N1 proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Changing surface proteins from year to year is called what?

A

Antigenic drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many genes are encoded on one strand of RNA

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do viruses gain new genes?

A

During virus envelope formation gene segments from other viruses can incorporate themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is it called when new hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes are obtained?

A

Antigenic shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Animal responsible for origin and spread of influenza to other animals?

A

Duck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where did spanish flu come from?

A

Bird to human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Next anticipated pandemic?

A

Novel H1N1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long will a strain of influenza circulate?

A

Unpredicatable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is influenza transmitted?

A

Large droplets like sneezes and coughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Limiting factor of transmission?

A

Large droplets don’t stay in air so close contact needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does it remain on surfaces?

A

Not important for transmission

22
Q

Can you get influenza from pork or chicken meat?

A

No

23
Q

How does influenza present?

A

Fever, headache, myalgia, and fatigue

24
Q

What are not typical features of influenza?

A

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

25
Q

What causes Reye’s syndrome?

A

Giving aspirin to kids

26
Q

Most common causes for secondary bacterial infection pneumonia?

A

Step pneumonia and staph aureus

27
Q

Most common cause of death in Spanish Flu?

A

Bacterial pneumonia

28
Q

What happened with vaccines made from killed bacteria used on Spanish Flu?

A

it helped (improved mortality rates)

29
Q

Who does the “Bird Flu”/H5N1 affect?

A

Children and young adults

30
Q

Presentation of H5N1?

A

Respiratory illness, but also diarrhea and neurologic problems

31
Q

Who was affected by Avian Influenza H7N9 in 2013?

A

Elderly

32
Q

How do you diagnose Influenza?

A

Rapid antigen tests

33
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis?

A

Viral culture, but takes days

34
Q

What is the best diagnostic test?

A

RT-PCR, expensive

35
Q

Which antiviral is used for treatment?

A

None of them work great

36
Q

Why aren’t Amantadine or Rimantadine used anymore?

A

All strains are resistant to it

37
Q

New treatments?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

38
Q

When do these neuraminidase inhibitors need to be given by?

A

within 48 hours of symptom onset, reduces symptoms by 1-2 days

39
Q

How is Zanamivir given?

A

Oral inhalation, but IV available

40
Q

How is it determined which strains will be predominant in upcoming flu year?

A

Educated guesses

41
Q

How long does it take to make vaccines?

A

9 months

42
Q

Where are vaccines grown?

A

Eggs

43
Q

What is done with egg containing virus?

A

Purified and virus inactivated with formaldehyde

44
Q

What constitutes a “split” vaccine?

A

Vaccine that separates Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface proteins in vaccine for less side effects

45
Q

What is a trivalent vaccine?

A

Vaccine with two A strains and 1 B strain

46
Q

Quadrivalent strain?

A

Vaccine with two A strains and 2 B strains

47
Q

What complication was noticed with vaccines in 1976?

A

Guillain-Barre

48
Q

What do you give for people allergic to eggs?

A

Cell culture based vaccine

49
Q

Does live attenuated vaccine give better protection?

A

Not proven

50
Q

Who are vaccines most effective for?

Least effective?

A

Children

>65 elders

ICM Infectious Disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions