HIV Flashcards
What were the “4 H’s”?
Heroin, Homosexual, Haitains, and Hemophilliac
How is HIV screen for now?
HIV RNA (plasma)
How long until 3rd generation antibody tests can detect HIV?
10 days
Most commonly reported symptom of HIV?
Fever and fatigue
Can a low CD4 cell count be diagnostic of HIV?
No, have to use HIV antibody testing
What happens if the ELISA test is positive?
You do it again.
What happens if 2nd ELISA test is positive?
You run a Western Blot test
What is the main marker for HIV disease progression?
CD4
Normal range of CD4?
350 to 1100/mm3
How can we measure viral RNA in plasma?
PCR or branched DNA techniques
How will HIV present at CD4 count >500/mm3?
Asymptomatic
How will HIV present at CD4 count 500-200?
Asymptomatic, generalized adenopathy, thrush, and Kapok’s sarcoma
CD4
PCP, toxoplasmosis, and cryptococcus
CD4
CMV and mycobacterium increased risk
When do you start HIV treatment?
CD4 cell count
What is Lipodystrophy syndrome?
Body morphology changes and metabolic complications
Where is AIDs the worst?
Sub-Sahara Africa
How did HIV spread?
Africa to Haiti and then Haiti to U.S
Easiest way to get HIV?
Blood transfusion (90%)
Hardest way to get HIV?
Insertive oral intercourse (0.005%)
How often should you screen people at high risk for HIV?
Once a year
What are two HIV opportunistic associated diseases?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Kaposi’s sarcoma
An abrupt onset of 10 signs and symptoms in 24 hours would be indicative of what?
Primary HIV infection
What is the highly sensitive screen test used for HIV antibody testing?
ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)
What happens if the ELISA comes up as negative?
HIV antibodies reported as negative
What happens if the ELISA comes up as positive?
You repeat it a second time
What happens if the second ELISA test is positive?
You do a western blot test
What constitutes a positive WB test?
2 of the 3 specific bands show up
How do you measure viral RNA in plasma?
PCR or branched DNA techniques
What type of vaccines do you want to avoid giving an HIV patient?
Live
Which pathogen has the highest risk of seroconversion after percutaneous exposure?
Hep B (30%)
Was Zidovudine protective against HIV?
yes
Was is the correlation between HIV viral load and % to transmit to newborn?
The higher the HIV viral load the higher the likelihood to transmission
LDH value in Pneumocystis Pneumonia patients?
Elevated
How do you treat Pneumocystis Pneumonia?
Corticosteroids or antimicrobials
CD4 count less than 50 leads to what?
CMV and mycobacterium avid complex
Increased risk of lymphoma
Highest mortality
