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ICM Infectious Disease > Otitis Media > Flashcards

Otitis Media Flashcards

1
Q

Most common reason for antibiotic therapy?

A

Otitis media

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2
Q

When is the highest incidence of Otitis media?

A

6-18 months old

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3
Q

Breastfeeding decreases the likelihood of what?

A

Otitis media

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4
Q

Why increased risk of Otitis media in winter/spring?

A

It’s the cold/flu season so respiratory infections

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5
Q

What type of epithelium makes up respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

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6
Q

What 3 functions does the Eustachian tube perform?

A

1) Protection
2) Drainage
3) Ventilation

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7
Q

What is the difference in angle between Eustachian tube between adults and infants?

A

Adults have an angle of 45 degrees while infants have angle of 10 degrees

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8
Q

What causes the inflammation that precedes Otitis media

A

Allergies and URI

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9
Q

What does inflammation cause in the pathogenesis of OM?

A

Eustachian tube blocking

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10
Q

What blocks the Eustachian tube?

A

Masses, smoke, and anatomy

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11
Q

After the Eustachian tube is blocked what happens?

A

Middle ear effusion/barotrauma from pressure differences

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12
Q

Middle ear effusion leads to what?

A

Nasopharyngeal contamination

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13
Q

What happens after nasopharyngeal contamination?

A

Acute otitis media/Otitis media with effusion

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14
Q

Can you catch otitis media?

A

No, but you can catch the respiratory infection that caused the OM.

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15
Q

3 big bacteria that can cause OM?

A

1) Strep. Pneumoniae
2) H. Influenzae
3) Moraxella catarhallis

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16
Q

Most clinically significant identifier of AOM?

A

Pain

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17
Q

Facial paralysis is indicative of what?

A

Bell’s palsy

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18
Q

What types of post auricular swelling is associated with OM?

A

Mastoiditis or lymphadenitis

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19
Q

What can cause vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus?

A

Esutachian tube dysfunction, labyrinthitis

20
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt?

A

Varicella Zoster (Chicken Pox)

21
Q

What is the AOM Tympanic Membrane triad?

A

1) Bulging
2) Immobile
3) Red

22
Q

Fever and earache should indicate what?

A

Pneumococcal infection

23
Q

Otitis conjunctiva syndrome indicates what?

A

H. influenzae

24
Q

Tympanic membrane perforation/mastoiditis indicative of what?

A

Group A Strep

25
Q

What does scarring look like on TM?

A

White spot

26
Q

In what quadrant do we see the light reflex on TM?

A

Anteroinferior

27
Q

Where does tuning fork go for Weber test?

A

Forehead

28
Q

What does a normal Weber test show?

A

No lateralization

29
Q

What happens in unilateral hearing loss during Weber test?

A

Sound lateralizes toward affected ear

30
Q

What happens during sensorineural loss in Weber test?

A

Sound lateralizes to normal hearing ear

31
Q

Where does tuning fork go for Rinne test?

A

Mastoid bone

32
Q

What shows up in an abnormal Rinne test?

A

Bone conduction > air conduction

33
Q

How do you treat the symptoms of AOM?

A

Topical anesthetic, analgesics, and local heat

34
Q

Antimicrobial of choice for AOM?

A

Amoxicillin

35
Q

Time course for AOM treatment?

A

About 10 days. Shorter if >2 yrs and no risk factors, should see response in 1-2 days

36
Q

How do you treat for recurrent OM?

A

Prophylaxis of amoxicillin or sulfisoxamole

37
Q

What should you keep an eye on during recurrent OM?

A

Hearing, speech, and language

38
Q

Purpose of an adenoidectomy?

A

Remove potential for blockage of eustachian tube

39
Q

Why is bilateral effusion a real problem?

A

They can’t hear and it can cause developmental delays

40
Q

When is an infant’s speech and language at risk?

A

Infant > 6 months

41
Q

What should you see with a grommet tube?

A

Otorrhea

42
Q

How much AOM resolves spontaneously?

A

20%

43
Q

What does the air-fluid level look like on tympanic membrane?

A

Translucent above and opaque below a line

44
Q

Retracted tympanic membrane will show as what?

A

Tympanic membrane will be retracted

45
Q

What do you need for a diagnosis of AOM?

A

Acute history
Middle ear effusion
Fever/pain

46
Q

Most common complication of OM?

A

Hearing loss

47
Q

Bullous myringitis characterized by?

A

Painful vesicles on tympanic membrane

ICM Infectious Disease (19 decks)

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