Stall and Spin Maneuvers (Contacts)

Question 1

What are the THREE C’s prior to performing Stalls/Spins?

Answer 1

1. Configuration
2. Checklist (PSA Checklist)
3. Clear Area

May be accomplished in any order and are not required in between individual maneuvers if flown in a series

Question 2

What are the parameters of a clearing turn?

Answer 2

• Approx. 180° turn
• Usually 30-60° AOB with a maximum of 45° AOB in landing configuration

Question 3

Which ways are turning stalls typically done?

Answer 3

Turning stalls are usually performed in the same direction of the last clearing turn

Question 4

Minimum recovery altitude for stalls?

Answer 4

6000’ AGL

Question 5

Power-On Stall Configuration

Answer 5

• Clean
• Entry @ 150 KIAS (Slow Cruise Configuration)
• Above 6000’ AGL

Question 6

Power-On Stall Procedure

Answer 6

• Power: 30-60%
• Pitch: 15-40°

Maintain backstick pressure through stick shakers until uncommanded nose drop/unplanned rolling motion

Question 7

When should recovery be started for a Power-On Stall?

Answer 7

At uncommanded nose drop or unplanned rolling motion…whichever comes first

Question 8

Power-On Stall Recovery

Answer 8

Relax: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron

Question 9

At what AOA should you attempt to recover at for a Power-On Stall?

Answer 9

Max AOA of 14.0 - 17.9 units while avoiding a secondary, accelerated stall.

Question 10

When is maneuver complete for a Power-On Stall?

Answer 10

When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)

Question 11

Power-Off (ELP Stall) Configuration

Answer 11

• Clean
• Slow Cruise (150 KIAS)
• Above 6000’ AGL

Question 12

Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall) Procedure

Answer 12

1. Retard PCL to 4-6% torque
2. Capture 125 KIAS via a Zoom or Glide
3. Once 125 KIAS is captured, verbalize the 1350 - 1500 fpm sink rate

4. Simulate high key by:
* Lowering the landing gear
* Trimming for 120 KIAS
* Starting 15-20° AOB turn

5. Complete the Before Landing Checklist
6. Raise the nose to 5-10° pitch up and let airspeed decrease until first stall indication (airframe buffet or stickshaker)

Question 13

When should recovery be started for a Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall)?

Answer 13

At first indication of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)

Question 14

Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall) Recovery

Answer 14

Lower the nose to 8° pitch down with propeller arc on the horizon until recapturing 120 KIAS

Maintain 20-30° AOB turn throughout the recovery

Start to pitch nose back up once you approach 117 KIAS

Question 15

When is the maneuver complete for a Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall)?

Answer 15

When 120 KIAS is regained

Question 16

Approach Turn Stall Configuration

Answer 16

Downwind Configuration:
* Landing Gear Down
* 120 KIAS
* Power setting w/ corresponding flap setting (LDG=52%,T/O=42%, UP=31%)
* Flaps: As Required (UP, T/O, or LDG)

Question 17

Approach Turn Stall Procedure

Answer 17

1. Simulate Abeam Transition:
* Reduce to 20% power
* Pitch for appropriate airspeed for flap setting
(UP=120 KIAS|T/O=115 KIAS|LDG=110 KIAS)
* Start your approach turn to Final with 30° AOB

2. Initiate Stall:
* Raise nose to 5-10° nose up
* Retard PCL to IDLE
* Maintain 20-45° AOB turn

Question 18

Approach Turn Stall Recovery

Answer 18

Relax: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron

Initiate recovery at first indications of a stall and introduce more right rudder as the engine spools up to MAX power

Question 19

When should recovery be started for an Approach Turn Stall?

Answer 19

At first indications of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)

Question 20

When is maneuver complete for an Approach Turn Stall?

Answer 20

When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)

Question 21

Landing Attitude Stall Configuration

Answer 21

Final Approach Configuration:
* Landing Gear Down
* Power: ~20% (Really just capturing the correct airspeed)

Speeds are 5 - 10 kts above final approach speeds:
* 115 to 120 KIAS for NO flaps (110 KIAS on final)
* 110 to 115 KIAS for T/O flaps (105 KIAS on final)
* 105 to 110 KIAS for LDG flaps (100 KIAS on final)

Question 22

Landing Attitude Stall Procedure

Answer 22

1. PCL - IDLE
2. Simulate landing transition by holding the landing attitude constant
3. Recover at first stall indication

Question 23

When should you start recovery for a Landing Attitude Stall?

Answer 23

At first indication of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)

Question 24

Landing Attitude Stall Recovery

Answer 24

Relax/Freeze: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron

Maintain a 5-10° nose high attitude during recovery to prevent a prop strike

Hold the nose attitude…do not let the nose drop

Question 25

What nose attitude should be kept throughout the Landing Attitude Stall recovery? Why?

Answer 25

A 5-10° nose high attitude should be maintained in order to avoid a possible prop strike

Question 26

When is the maneuver complete for a Landing Attitude Stall?

Answer 26

When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)

Question 27

Intentional Spin Entry Configuration

Answer 27

• Clean
• 150 KIAS (Slow Cruise Configuration)

Altitude Parameters:
* Must be started @ at minimum 13,500’ AGL
* Spin should be entered BELOW 22,000’ pressure altitude and should be recovered ABOVE 10,000’ pressure altitude

Question 28

At what altitude should spins be started at?

Answer 28

At minimum, spins should be started at 13,500’ AGL

Question 29

Intentional Spin Entry Procedure

Answer 29

1. Trim for 150 KIAS in straight and level flight
2. PCL - IDLE
3. Raise nose to 30° pitch up (Acknowledge the gear warning horn when it eventually sounds)
4. As stick shaker activates, lead stall with a little bit of Left/Right rudder depending on the direction of the spin you want
5. At full stall, smoothly apply full Left/Right rudder in the direction of the spin you want
6. Verabalize the following: Altitude, AOA, Airspeed, Turn needle deflection

Question 30

Incipient Spin Recovery

Answer 30

INADVERTENT DEPARTURE FROM CONTROLLED FLIGHT:

1. PCL - IDLE
2. CONTROLS - NEUTRAL
3. ALTITUDE - CHECK
4. RECOVER FROM UNUSUAL ATTITUDE

Question 31

What are the signs of a Steady State Spin?

Answer 31

1. Stalled AOA
2. Airspeed stabilized @ 120-135 KIAS
3. Turn needle fully deflected in direction of the turn

Question 32

Steady State Spin Recovery

Answer 32

1. Apply full rudder in opposite direction of the spin
2. Smoothly apply forward stick pressure with no aileron usage
3. Hold the controls in the forward position until rotation stops
4. Recover from unusual attitude by neutralizing the controls, leveling the wings, and smoothly pulling out until the nose is in level flight attitude

Question 33

What should be done after a spin recovery?

Answer 33

1. Report Oil Pressure (90psi Minimum)
2. Add power as required

Question 34

Turn Pattern Procedure

Answer 34

Entry: Slow (150 KIAS) or Normal Cruise (200 KIAS)

• Two 30° AOB turns for 90° of HDG change
• Two 45° AOB turns for 180° of HDG change
• Two 60° AOB turns for 360° of HDG change

Question 35

What can happen to oil pressure during a spin?

Answer 35

It can decrease to below 40 psi with idle power

Acceptable as long as it returns to normal levels following the recovery