Stall and Spin Maneuvers (Contacts) Flashcards
What are the THREE C’s prior to performing Stalls/Spins?
- Configuration
- Checklist (PSA Checklist)
- Clear Area
May be accomplished in any order and are not required in between individual maneuvers if flown in a series
What are the parameters of a clearing turn?
- Approx. 180° turn
- Usually 30-60° AOB with a maximum of 45° AOB in landing configuration
Which ways are turning stalls typically done?
Turning stalls are usually performed in the same direction of the last clearing turn
Minimum recovery altitude for stalls?
6000’ AGL
Power-On Stall Configuration
- Clean
- Entry @ 150 KIAS (Slow Cruise Configuration)
- Above 6000’ AGL
Power-On Stall Procedure
- Power: 30-60%
- Pitch: 15-40°
Maintain backstick pressure through stick shakers until uncommanded nose drop/unplanned rolling motion
When should recovery be started for a Power-On Stall?
At uncommanded nose drop or unplanned rolling motion…whichever comes first
Power-On Stall Recovery
Relax: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron
At what AOA should you attempt to recover at for a Power-On Stall?
Max AOA of 14.0 - 17.9 units while avoiding a secondary, accelerated stall.
When is maneuver complete for a Power-On Stall?
When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)
Power-Off (ELP Stall) Configuration
- Clean
- Slow Cruise (150 KIAS)
- Above 6000’ AGL
Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall) Procedure
1. Retard PCL to 4-6% torque
2. Capture 125 KIAS via a Zoom or Glide
3. Once 125 KIAS is captured, verbalize the 1350 - 1500 fpm sink rate
4. Simulate high key by:
* Lowering the landing gear
* Trimming for 120 KIAS
* Starting 15-20° AOB turn
5. Complete the Before Landing Checklist
6. Raise the nose to 5-10° pitch up and let airspeed decrease until first stall indication (airframe buffet or stickshaker)
When should recovery be started for a Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall)?
At first indication of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)
Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall) Recovery
Lower the nose to 8° pitch down with propeller arc on the horizon until recapturing 120 KIAS
Maintain 20-30° AOB turn throughout the recovery
Start to pitch nose back up once you approach 117 KIAS
When is the maneuver complete for a Power-Off Stall (ELP Stall)?
When 120 KIAS is regained
Approach Turn Stall Configuration
Downwind Configuration:
* Landing Gear Down
* 120 KIAS
* Power setting w/ corresponding flap setting (LDG=52%,T/O=42%, UP=31%)
* Flaps: As Required (UP, T/O, or LDG)
Approach Turn Stall Procedure
1. Simulate Abeam Transition:
* Reduce to 20% power
* Pitch for appropriate airspeed for flap setting
(UP=120 KIAS|T/O=115 KIAS|LDG=110 KIAS)
* Start your approach turn to Final with 30° AOB
2. Initiate Stall:
* Raise nose to 5-10° nose up
* Retard PCL to IDLE
* Maintain 20-45° AOB turn
Approach Turn Stall Recovery
Relax: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron
Initiate recovery at first indications of a stall and introduce more right rudder as the engine spools up to MAX power
When should recovery be started for an Approach Turn Stall?
At first indications of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)
When is maneuver complete for an Approach Turn Stall?
When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)
Landing Attitude Stall Configuration
Final Approach Configuration:
* Landing Gear Down
* Power: ~20% (Really just capturing the correct airspeed)
Speeds are 5 - 10 kts above final approach speeds:
* 115 to 120 KIAS for NO flaps (110 KIAS on final)
* 110 to 115 KIAS for T/O flaps (105 KIAS on final)
* 105 to 110 KIAS for LDG flaps (100 KIAS on final)
Landing Attitude Stall Procedure
- PCL - IDLE
- Simulate landing transition by holding the landing attitude constant
- Recover at first stall indication
When should you start recovery for a Landing Attitude Stall?
At first indication of a stall (airframe buffet or stick shaker)
Landing Attitude Stall Recovery
Relax/Freeze: Relax backstick pressure
Max: Advance PCL to max power
Level: Maintain wings level with use of rudder and aileron
Ball: Maintain coordinated flight with use of rudder and aileron
Maintain a 5-10° nose high attitude during recovery to prevent a prop strike
Hold the nose attitude…do not let the nose drop
What nose attitude should be kept throughout the Landing Attitude Stall recovery? Why?
A 5-10° nose high attitude should be maintained in order to avoid a possible prop strike
When is the maneuver complete for a Landing Attitude Stall?
When wings are level with two positive rates of climb (altimeter and VSI)
Intentional Spin Entry Configuration
- Clean
- 150 KIAS (Slow Cruise Configuration)
Altitude Parameters:
* Must be started @ at minimum 13,500’ AGL
* Spin should be entered BELOW 22,000’ pressure altitude and should be recovered ABOVE 10,000’ pressure altitude
At what altitude should spins be started at?
At minimum, spins should be started at 13,500’ AGL
Intentional Spin Entry Procedure
- Trim for 150 KIAS in straight and level flight
- PCL - IDLE
- Raise nose to 30° pitch up (Acknowledge the gear warning horn when it eventually sounds)
- As stick shaker activates, lead stall with a little bit of Left/Right rudder depending on the direction of the spin you want
- At full stall, smoothly apply full Left/Right rudder in the direction of the spin you want
- Verabalize the following: Altitude, AOA, Airspeed, Turn needle deflection
Incipient Spin Recovery
INADVERTENT DEPARTURE FROM CONTROLLED FLIGHT:
- PCL - IDLE
- CONTROLS - NEUTRAL
- ALTITUDE - CHECK
- RECOVER FROM UNUSUAL ATTITUDE
What are the signs of a Steady State Spin?
- Stalled AOA
- Airspeed stabilized @ 120-135 KIAS
- Turn needle fully deflected in direction of the turn
Steady State Spin Recovery
- Apply full rudder in opposite direction of the spin
- Smoothly apply forward stick pressure with no aileron usage
- Hold the controls in the forward position until rotation stops
- Recover from unusual attitude by neutralizing the controls, leveling the wings, and smoothly pulling out until the nose is in level flight attitude
What should be done after a spin recovery?
- Report Oil Pressure (90psi Minimum)
- Add power as required
Turn Pattern Procedure
Entry: Slow (150 KIAS) or Normal Cruise (200 KIAS)
- Two 30° AOB turns for 90° of HDG change
- Two 45° AOB turns for 180° of HDG change
- Two 60° AOB turns for 360° of HDG change
What can happen to oil pressure during a spin?
It can decrease to below 40 psi with idle power
Acceptable as long as it returns to normal levels following the recovery
