ELP Procedures (PEL & Forced Landing) Flashcards
What is an ELP?
A 360° pattern flown to position the aircraft for landing at a prepared surface when executing a forced landing or PEL
What is a PEL?
Precautionary Emergency Landing
Used when there are indications of impending engine failure
What is a forced landing?
Used when experiencing engine failure/power loss (airstart is unsuccessful/not attempted)
ORM 3-2-1
Do NOT descend below 2000’ AGL unless:
You are On Profile with the Runway in Sight and can safely Maneuver to Land
300’ AGL = Final Decision
200’ AGL= Gear Down
100’ AGL= On Centerline
What are the different positions of the ELP?
- High Key
- Low Key
- Base Key
- Final
High Key Parameters
- Altitude: 3000’ AGL (2500’ AGL min)
- Airspeed: 125 KIAS
- Configuration: Gear Down, Flaps Up
- Position: ~1/3 down the runway
Low Key Parameters
- Altitude: 1500’ AGL
- Airspeed: 120 KIAS (minimum)
- Configuration: Gear Down, Flaps T/O
- Position: Abeam the Intended Landing Point
Base Key Parameters
- Altitude: 600-800’ AGL
- Airspeed: 120 KIAS (minimum)
- Configuration: Gear Down, Flaps LDG (as required)
- Position: Perpendicular to landing line;halfway between low key and the runway
Final Parameters
- Altitude: Descending to land
- Airspeed: 110 KIAS (minimum)
- Configuration:
- Position: RWY centerline
What AOB should be used for the turn at High Key?
15-20° AOB
What are the signs of impending engine failure?
- Excessive Noise/Engine Vibrations
- Smoke/Fumes
- Chip light message on EICAS
- Oil pressure flucuations
- Loss of power & airspeed
- Rapid decay in N1, torque, and ITT
- Propeller moves towards feather due to loss of oil pressure
PEL Procedure
- Turn towards nearest suitable field
- Climb in an attempt to get DEGA (climb at 140 KIAS)
- Clean up the aircraft
- Check the EICAS instruments for other signs of engine failure
-
BIP
* Boost Pump: As required
* Ignition: As required
* Plan to intercept ELP at some point (High Key, Low Key, or Eject) - Determine the duty runway
- Deliver an ISPI report
- Reduce power to 4-6% torque no sooner than DEGA
- Lower landing gear no later High Key
- Report the Before Landing Checklist over ICS
What is an ISPI report?
I = Indentification
S = Situation
P = Position
I = Intention
Energy Management Methods
- 360° turns
- Bow ties
- Slips
- S-turns
- Lowering the gear early or extending the speed brake
How much altitude is lost for each AOB of 360° turns?
- 30° AOB = 2000’
- 45° AOB = 1500’
- 60° AOB = 1000’
Basic Handling Emergency Rules
- Maintain aircraft control
- Analyze the situation and take proper action
- Land as soon as conditions permit/possible/practical
How do you correct a low energy state in a PEL?
Use power to correct energy
DO NOT DELAY CONFIGURATION FOR LOW ENERGY STATE
How do you correct a low energy state in a forced landing?
Delay configuration to correct energy
Glide performance for ELP
- 125 KIAS
- 1350 - 1500 fpm descent rate
- Glide ratio of 2NM for 1000’ of altitude
What is the glide ratio for clean configuration?
2 NM for 1000’ of altitude
Immediate Airstart (PMU NORM)
- PCL - OFF
- STARTER SWITCH - AUTO/RESET
- PCL - IDLE, ABOVE 13% N1
- ENGINE INSTRUMENTS - MONITOR ITT, N1, AND OIL PRESSURE
If airstart is unsuccessful:
5. PCL - OFF
6. FIREWALL SHUTOFF HANDLE - PULL
7. EXECUTE FORCED LANDING OR EJECT
If airstart is successful:
8. PCL - AS REQUIRED AFTER N1 REACHES IDLE RPM (APPROXIMATELY 67% N1)
9. PEL - EXECUTE
Forced Landing
- AIRSPEED -125 KIAS PRIOR TO EXTENDING LANDING GEAR
- EMER LDG GR HANDLE - PULL (AS REQUIRED)
- AIRSPEED - 120 KIAS MINIMUM UNTIL INTERCEPTING FINAL; 110 KIAS MINIMUM ON FINAL
- FLAPS - AS REQUIRED
Precautionary Emergency Landing (PEL)
- TURN TO NEAREST SUITABLE FIELD
- CLIMB OR ACCELERATE TO INTERCEPT ELP
- GEAR, FLAPS, SPEED BRAKE - UP
