Stages Of Childhood

Question 1

What are the stages of childhood?

Answer 1

Prenatal development
(Conception to birth)

Infancy
(Birth to 2 years

Early childhood
(2 -6 years)

Middle childhood
(6-12 years)

Adolescence
(12 - 18 years)

Question 2

Describe how the prenatal development is like .

Answer 2

Child development begin during the prenatal stage.

The process by which a baby develops form a single cell after conception to an embryo and later to a fetus that has the capabilities to survive outside the womb

Lasts up to 38 -42 weeks since conception

Advances through three stages

• Embryonic stage (conception to 9 weeks)
• Fetal stage ( 3months -7 months)
• Infant stage (7 months - birth)

Many hazards can be caused within the time of prenatal development that would damage the growing infant.

A neonate is born with much competencies precisely with reflexes. However
They are very vulnerable this Should be assisted.
It’s difficult for the baby yo physiologically adapt to the life outside
And for the parents to adjust to the behavioral patterns of the baby
With in no times its solved.

Question 3

Describe development during infancy.

                                   👶

Answer 3

-birth to 2years
- personality, cognitive abilities,social emotional development, language skills, attachment start to shape.
-make use of the reflexes they are born with
- born with
certain dispositions that allow them to behave and react in a particular manner. - TEMPERAMENT.

💪🏻Physical development
- increases in size and body proportion
Top heavy 👶 ➡️ toddler with a body similar to and adult.
-improvement in motor coordination,balance and physical dexterity.( skill in performing tasks with hands)
- improvement in sensory organs (eyes, ears change)
- brain grows in size and complexity
(The neurons organizes and interconnect)
Ex: everyday sound organize regions related to language.

🧠 cognitive development.
- crave for novelty➡️ cognitive dev
-can mentally group objects into simple categories 
- appreciate object performance
- by 8 9 months memory abilities will improve. 
- end of the 1st year ➡️ can discriminate between male and female faces
-learn cause and effect (dropping food)
-basic language dev
•cooing
•discrimination between speech sounds
•blabbing 
• end of 1st year ➡️ first word

🖤 emotional development

• Close relationships are formed
• variety of emotions emerge but have difficulty containing them.
• caregivers responses and attendance to the baby’s need start developing the sense of self worth, self importance. ➡️ leads them towards individuality.
• by the end of 1st year develop emotional attachements.
• in the 2nd year recognizes themselves in the mirror and start applying other’s evaluations on them.

Question 4

Describe early childhood

Answer 4

• the brewing language development revolutionizes children’s thinking, remembering, understanding of emotions and
  social order.

💪🏻Physical development
- between 2-6 yrs grows 8cm and gain 2kg annually.
-body proportion, strength and coordination improves.
- Brain matures : causes dramatic improvement in thinking, memory language and emotions
: brain pathways refine

🧠cognitive development
- curious mind always question why
- mushrooming language knowledge enhances many cognitive skills
-able to memorize past events as fragments
(Only remember events that caught attention)
-remember the sequence of everyday routines
-adept at problem solving
- lacks logical reasoning thats supports abstract problem solving.
-egocentric in the early years
- age of 5 realizes thought does not represent reality
And people can be fooled
- they become less egocentric and better social partners.

🖤 emotional development
-emotional repertoire broadens
Include self referential emotions (pride, guilt shame)
- growing capacity if self monitoring and motivation
- correct themselves while doing a task
-by 3 enact gender roles and stereotypes
- end of early childhood they describe themselves not only physically but psychologically ad well.
- learn to negotiate,compromise, resist, assert and come in to conflict
-parents approach to discipline the child matters
-

Question 5

Describe middle childhood

Answer 5

6-12
Children develop heightened capacities for judgement, reasoning, social understanding, emotion management and self awareness

💪🏻Physical development
-comparatively grow slowly and gradually
-adds 6 cm to 2.3kg annually
- better muscular growth and coordination
Run faster, rides a cycle and write neatly

🧠 cognitive development

• capacity for logical reasoning
• follow the line of reasoning

FOR LEARNING
-grasp of logical principle helps study math science
-concentrate better and longer
-master and enjoy their intellect
-spontaneously monitor and evaluate their progress.
-better reading and mathematical skills
-begins to learn a second lan
HOWEVER
-abstraction and hypothetical issues are not yet understood.

🖤 social emotional development
EMOTION
- more complexed balanced self image.
- views themselves as unique with different strengths and weaknesses
-perceive themselves skilled at different domains
-can provide perspective judgement
-learn to manage emotions in social settings

SOCIAL

• relationships broaden
• plays multiple social roles
• understand rules pertaining to each social setting
• face issues of acceptance, exclusion and social comparison
• social cognitive development achieve moral development.