Emotional And Social Development

Question 1

Emotional and social development

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Answer 1

Emotional development 🖤
Growing ability to express feelings
-born with the capacity to express feelings
-crying is the main mode of expressing feelings
-waving hands, cooing, kicking legs, facial expressions , giggle : medium of expressing emotions
-by the end of first year : joy, fear anger, curiosity, affection.

Anger-
expressing the urgency of certain needs
Displayed through crying

Fear-
Develops as protection from any possible threat from the environment.
6-10 months - separation anxiety or stranger anxiety.

Temperament- infant are born with a a certain disposition to behave and react this is temperament.
Easy, difficult, slow to warm up : babies belong to one of the three.
Environment influences can affect both positively and negatively
Can persist throughout life : the degree depends on the parents’ reactions
Negative impacts of the temperament can be altered

Parent too have temperament : active and energetic, disappointed, overwhelmed

Social development: growing ability to relate to other people.
Family plays a major role.
By the age 5-6
-children can distinguish between themselves and others in the mirror
- develops a sense of self and others

5 Goals parents should achieve for the better social and emotional development of children.

1) develop an attachement
2) develop a strong ability to give affection and receive
3) develop a positive self concept
4) develop interest in others
5) learn to communicate with others

Question 2

Erik Erikson’s social emotional theory.

Answer 2

• best explains social emotional development .
• social emotional theory develops advances throughout life time.
• social emotional development takes place in a predetermined order through 8 stages.
• at each stage : experiences a psychosocial crisis thats has a positive or a negative outcome on personality development.
• each stage leads to the development of a basic virtue

Stage 1 trust vs mistrust
Birth to 18 months
Looks forward for stability and consistency of care
If the care is consistence, reliable, - trust
If the care is inconsistent, unreliable - mistrust
Successful development - hope

Stage 2 autonomy vs shame
18 months to 3yrs
Develops sense of independence and control over the physical world
Skills and efforts supported - autonomy, confidence
If not - shame
Successful dev- will

Stage 3 initiative vs guilt 
3yrs - 5 yrs
Develops through interaction, play
Make up activities, initiate activity
Is given the opportunity- initiative 
If not - guilt 
Successful completion - purpose.

Stage 4 industry vs inferiority
5yrs - 12 yrs
Develops the ability read , write, do math
As they face challenges they seek approval
If they are supported - feel industrious
If not- feel inferior
Successful completion - competency

Stage 5 identity vs role confusion
12-18 yrs
Explore identity , asks and answers questions about identity,establish personal values and moral values
May also experience role confusion trying on different personality.
Who had proper role model- develops an identity
Failure - role confusion
Successful dev- fidelity

Stage 6 intimacy vs isolation 
18-40 yrs 
Centers on forming intimate loving relationships
Well adjusted individuals- intimacy
Identity not establish - isolation
Successful completion- love

Stage 7 generatively vs stagnation
40-65
Focuses ok being productive, contributing to society
By raising children, becoming involved in com
If they feel contributed - generatively
If not - stagnation
Successful completion- care

Stage 8 ego integrity vs despair
65- death 
Contemplate on their accomplishments 
Introspective evaluation. 
Successful advancement through the stages- ego integrity
Is not - despair
Successful completion- despair