Developmental Issues Flashcards
Premature infants
-Babies born before their due dates are considered premature
- typically experience a great number of medical and developmental issues
-there is a direct co relation between length of gestation and survival rate
2 type
Late premature babies
Born at 34-36 weeks,
Organs fully developed
Has only an 8% risk of permanent impairment.
Extremely preterm babies
Born at 28 or less that 28 weeks
Low birth weight
25% risk of permanent impairment
Premature babies face Nuerosensory, impairment, cognitive and language delays Motor deficits Neurobehavioral and socioemotional problems Motor deficits Language disabilities
Impact of NICU
- complications on brain development
- complications can be caused on auditory and visual systems, due to the unnatural environmental conditions
- problems with experiencing world the with senses
Physical problems - motor impairment : fine motor skills, visual motor coordination, motor planning, sensorimotor skills. - abnormal tooth enamel -visual and auditory impairment Language problems -language delays -difficulty comprehending and speaking lan Cognitive problems -problems with reading, planning and staying on task Social emotional problems - difficult managing emotions -difficult yo calm down -difficulty adopting to a social setting - lower self esteem
Long term effects Visual and impairments Learning disabilities Regulatory disorders, anxiety, difficulties with social relationships Neuro developmental issues
Development disabilities
If the child lags behind in school work, fails to achieve developmental goals, loses a previously achieved skill - D.D
Types of D D
Visual and auditory disabilities
- deafness - sign language/hearing aids
- blindness- Braille
Muscular disabilities
💪🏻muscular dystrophy: loss of the use of the muscles which makes it impossible to move or maintain posture
-appears between 2-6
- concern muscles used for standing and walking.
🦵🏼cerebral palsy
- inability to control muscles
-difficulty walking balancing speaking saying on skill
-caused due to brain damage before during or in the first few years of life
Spinal code defects and injuries
- spina bifida ( will be talked later)
- spinal code defects are caused my injuries accidents, physical abuse
- lower part becoming paralyzed: paraplegic
- paralysis from neck down : quadriplegic
Social emotional disabilities
- have difficulty getting along with people
- shows failure to thrive : due to negligence, and failure to bond with child
- extremely withdrawn : difficulty getting along, easily frustrated, spends time alone
- agressive and destructive: impatient, demanding, tend to hurt.
- autism
🧠Cognitive disabilities
- due to genetic disorder
- down syndrome, fatal alcohol syndrome, mental retardation
- down syndrome: due to an extra chromosome, mildly to severe retardation, C.D is low
- mental retardation characterized by the following
Low intelligence, unusual ability to learn, impaired social adaptation.
-cant grasp even the elementary concepts
📖 Learning disability
-inability to process and use information specially when reading writing amd doing math
Birth defects
- structural and functional abnormalities present at birth which causes metal and physical disabilities
- vary from mild to sever
- can be caused at before, during and after birth
- the well being of the child can be altered depending on which organ is defected
Causes
Can be caused during pregnancy: at 3months when organs are forming and at 6 months when organs are developing
Due to
• consuming alcohol and and psychoactive drugs
• medical conditions
• medications
•being an older mother
2 types
Structural- defects that cause problems to body parts
Functional- defects related to how body parts work.
⬇️ 4 cats.
Brain disabilities : learning D, mental retardation, autism, down syndrome. Fragile X syndrome
Sensory disabilities : blindness, visual problems, hearing loss
Metabolic disabilities: conditions that affect the body’s ability to get rid of waste, and harmful chemicals.
Degenerative disorders: mot obvious at birth but causes problems and worsen ..
X -ALD, macular dystrophy
Prevention Consuming 400microgramms of folic acid everyday , before getting preg Not consuming alcohol or Psy. Drugs Consulting a doc Preventing infections
Neural tube defects
Sever birth defects if brain, spine or spinal code .
Causes due to the spinal code not closing properly.
Two neural defects
• spina bifida
• anencephaly
Spina bifida: anywhere along the spine , when the neural tube does not close properly.
When the NT does not close properly the backbone that protects it do not form and close as it Should
Anencephaly: causes infants to be born without parts of the brain.
Happens when the Neural tube doesn’t close properly
Babies are born without the forebrain or thinking and coordination part of the brain cerebrum
Causes : obese, poorly controlled diabetes, taking anti-seizure medicine.
Prevention; getting folic acid vitamin B
Autism
- bio- neurological developmental disability.
- difficulty with social interaction, communication skills and cognitive functions
Characteristics:
: difficulty with verbal and non verbal communication
: repetitive actions , narrow interests,
:over sensitive or under sensitive
:confuse language tasks and thinks literally
:does not affect life expectancy
: do not use eye contact
:consistently smiles without being smile at
:intense interest on certain objects.
:seek stimulation
Why autism happes
No exact reason but
-brain over growth : brain growing faster and interrupting the communication.
-genetics : having a autistic individual in the family.
Learning disabilities
Neuro biological disabilities
Causes reduces intellectual abilities and difficulty with every day activities
Affect the brain s ability to receive process analyze ans store info
Problems with reading, writing, organizing, recalling spelling math
Most common LD are related with reading or other language skills
LD do not affect one’s intelligence
Some of the LDs
•DYLEXIA : language related, difficulty understand written words, AKA reading disability.
•DYSCACULIA : difficulty doing arithmetic math problems and grasping math concepts
• DYSGRAPHIA : inability to form
Letters and writing innline
• visual auditory language disorder : inability to understand language despite hearing and vision
•developmental speech and lang. disorder: difficulty producing sounds, using spoken language to communicate.
Apraxia; inability to pronounce sounds
Brian is not able to control the parts needed for speech articulation.
•non verbal learning disabilities ; neuro biological disorders that affect the right hemisphere
ADHD
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISCORDER
Ny
-Not a learning disability
-Adhd individuals are inattentive overly active or impulsive
- causes physical, emotional, social problems
-3 types
Inattentive :
difficulty sustaining attention
Easily distracted
Cant stay organized or follow through
Hyperactive Squirmy or fidgety Easily frustrated Touches and grabs at things Impatient Blurts out
Combined
cant divide attention
Cant alter attention or sustain
Why neurobiological ; chemical component Genetics Environmental influences Functional and structural differences of the brain
Consequences - complications from with working memory - overly aroused or under aroused -low emotional control - mood swings -difficulty reading social cues and tuen taking Difficulty problem solving ( organizing, self regulation evaluation, time management)
How to remedy Time table Clear instruction Short and easy activities Appreciation Calm environment
IDD
Intellectual and developmental disabilities
Affect the trajectory of physical intellectual and emotional development
Occurs before 18 yrs
Have trouble with
Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Causes problems for nervous system, sensory system, metabolism and degenerative
Nervous concerns brain, spine and spinal cord
Sensory : affect how brain processes info
Metabolism: affect how body uses food and other materials for energy and growth
Degenerative: seems normal and develop normally there upon loses skills abilities and functions due to a condition
