Introduction Flashcards
Definition
How is child development influenced and how?
What are the three contexts that should be considered when studying child development.
1) Focuses on the mind and behavior of children from prenatal stage through adolescence.
Studies the physical, social , emotional, cognitive changes that occur within that period
Also how the changes differ from those of adults and form one child to the other.
2) influenced from both within the child and from outside.
They are
Genetic factors
Environmental factors (family, peers, environment)
Biological factors (nutrition,medical care, air)
Economical, political, social, cultural factors
Media
Life eventS
3) Social context - how the relationships contribute
Cultural context- how norms, values customs contribute
Economic context- how social class, socio economic status contibute
How would you describe the historical development of child psychology Pertaining to the flowing ears.
1) ancient Rome through middle age
2) 17th to 20th century
1)
•Childhood was brief ( birth to 6 yrs)
•Soon after children joined the workforce
•Miniature adults, and property of their fathers
•Cared and nurtured in a practical manner.
❌ affectionate sense
•limited time to play and interactions with peers
•Bond between parents and children 👨👩👦👦 - now exclusive as of now Because •families contained numerous children -preoccupied with disciplining •caused negligence of special needs
• class differences were represented in children Children of the Upper class \:3 considered acceptable to pledge in marriage when 7 or 8 (marriages were arranged consumed later) \:3 young brides - taught to become ladies of manors Young males - assigned to knighthoods
Children of farmers or serfs
:3 assigned to for labor ( to work in fields when they were able as a matter of survival)
Children of merchants
:) true childhood (not entitled to marriage no labour)
:) schooled, interacted with peers, played
2)
17th to 18th
-attitudes softened
-childhood was realized as a period of unique development.
However
19th cent
-rise of industrialization required child labour.
-With technology advancing the need dropped.
Late 19th to 20th
- growing interest to study child psychology.
- schools established, labour reform, child welfare reform, minimus age and hours of child labour was changed.
Rise and fall of nuclear ☢️ family.
Concept and structure of family is different depending on cultural and social setting
After world war I and II 🌎
With diversity of job opportunities and shifting of populations and capitalism creeping in nuclear family became popular.
Children were nor required to contribute to family’s economy.
Children were protected nurtured. Mothers cared more about child-bare and care in the mid 20s
In the late 20th cent, with women s dissatisfaction with remaining at home sent them to work force
Which made the father get involved in child rearing and nurturing activities.
Eventually the acceptance of divorce increased and unusual family structures emerged.
Today there is stepfamilies, single parents, same sex parents.
Early study of child psychology.
- Charles Darwin wrote ‘baby biographies’
- early 1900s emerged the theory of psychoanalysis
- G. Stanley hall conducted large scale studies
- Lewis Truman created Stanford- Binnet Intelligence Scale
- Arnold Gussel established a research institute
- John Watson created behaviorism
- John Bowlby theorized the attachment theory.
- Urie Brofenbrenner described child psychology in terms of ecological and cultural forces.
•Sigmund Freud , Melanie Klein, Anna Freud contributed to the filed during the 20th century
Through their observations of child psychology through psychoanalytical perspective.