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fjfjfj > SS Section 2 > Flashcards

SS Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oldest fossil record of Homo Sapiens dated to

A

300,000 years ago

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2
Q

When did Homo Sapiens become the last surviving members of the Homo genus

A

Around 40,000 years ago

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3
Q

What was our population cap before the Holocene

A

10 million

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4
Q

What is the current global human population

A

over eight billion

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5
Q

Where can traces of human manufacturing be found

A

nearly everywhere on the planet

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6
Q

What is the general marker of the start of the Holocene

A

11,700 years ago

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7
Q

Which epoch did most of Homo sapiens develop

A

Pleistocene Epoch

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8
Q

What does LGM mean

A

The Last Glacial Maximum

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9
Q

When did The Last Glacial Maximum

A

20,000 years ago

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10
Q

What did the ice cover during the LGM

A

A lot of Europe including Scandinavia, the British Isles, and parts of central Europe. Some of Asia had permafrost too.

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11
Q

When was the first period of the Holocene

A

11,700 to 8236 years ago

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12
Q

What are the names of the first period of the Holocene

A

Early Holocene Subseries/
Subepoch or the Greenlandian Stage/Age.

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13
Q

When was the second period of the Holocene

A

8,236 to 4,250 years ago

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14
Q

What are the names of the second period of the Holocene

A

Middle Holocene Subseries/Subepoch
or the Northgrippian Stage/Age

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15
Q

When was the third period of the Holocene

A

4,250 years ago to the present

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16
Q

What are the names of the third period of the Holocene

A

Late Holocene Subseries/Subepoch or
the Meghalayan Stage/Age

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17
Q

How did the temp. of the The early holocene compared to the rest of the holocene

A

it was the hottest time of the Holocene

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18
Q

What is the name of the ice that has the evidence for the start of the Holocene

A

NGRIP2

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19
Q

At what depth was NGRIP2 taken from

A

1,492 meters

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20
Q

What did the ending of the Early Holocene coincide with

A

a meltwater event in
Canada, when a glacial ice sheet collapsed

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21
Q

How far had humans migrated at the start of the Holocene

A

Africa across Eurasia to the east and
west, to Australia, and to the Americas from the north
to the south

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22
Q

What does the beginning of the Holocene coincide with

A

the extinction of dozens of large mammals

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23
Q

What are two of the theories about why dozens of large mammals went extinct at the beginning of the Holocene

A
  1. Humans hunted them to extinction
    2.The animals inability to adapt a new climate.
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24
Q

Why is theory number 1 contested

A

there is a lack of evidence to suggest that Humans hunted them to extinction

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25
Q

Meltwater event

A

When something accelerates the flow of icy water into the ocean

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26
Q

What does the
beginning of the Middle Holocene coincide with

A

the collapse of the Laurentide Ice sheet in Canada

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27
Q

Why is the Middle Holocene also called the Northgrippian stage

A

this is due to the iced core that proved that it was a thing, it was taken from Greenland.

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28
Q

When did temperatures start to decline

A

7300 years ago

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29
Q

Why did temperatures start to decline 7300 years ago

A

Weaker solar energy was one of the factors

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30
Q

What did the temperature decline mark

A

It marked the change to the Late Holocene

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31
Q

What influenced the burgeoning fate of the human communities

A

Local social dynamics and climate factors

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32
Q

Why is the Lat e Holocene called the Meghalayan period

A

because it refers to mineral deposits in northeast India where the evidence of the Late Holocene was found

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33
Q

What is the event called that made the change from the Middle Holocene to the Late Holocene

A

the Holocene turnover

34
Q

What was the Holocene turnover

A

It was an abrupt change in atmospheric and oceanic conditions that led to an abrupt change in weather conditions

35
Q

What is a pitfall of the field of Climatology

A

the confusing dating system

36
Q

What is a pitfall in synchronizing climate and human history

A

it is hard to understand to the different scales of the historical and climate timelines.

37
Q

Wen did agrarian societies emerge

A

around 3500 BCE

38
Q

Where is Mesopotamia located

A

On the national boundaries of Iraq

39
Q

When was the Akkadian Empire established

A

2234 BCE

40
Q

When did the Akkadian Empire collapse

A

2218 BCE

41
Q

What did the collapse of the Akkadian Empire coincide with

A

The change from the middle to late Holocene

42
Q

From where did a powerful civilization arise from in Eygpt

A

The Nile Delta

43
Q

What is a reason that some scholars say the old kingdom of Egypt fell

A

due to the consequences of drought

44
Q

Where was a powerful Indian civilization developing

A

In the Indus Valley

45
Q

What happened to end the Indus Valley civilization

A

We do not know

46
Q

What was an early culture in the Andes

A

the Chavin

47
Q

WHen did the Inca Empire take over

A

the 1400s

48
Q

Who ruled Mesoamerica for 700 years

A

The Olmec

49
Q

Who took over after the Olmec

A

Groups like the Maya and the Aztec

50
Q

When did Alexander the Great live

A

from 356 to 323 BCE

51
Q

When was Rome’s time of peak power

A

150 to 250 BCE

52
Q

What happened during Rome’s time of peak power

A

stable conditions and
stable rainfall in important portions of the empire

53
Q

Why was the year 536 CE the worst year to be alive

A

Big volcanos erupting caused the temperatures to drop and so it was the “year without a summer” in Europe

54
Q

Why is china a uniquely interesting and significant area for
the combined study of climate and human history.

A

China
has a remarkable collection of human records that date
back to the Shang dynasty (c.1600−1050 bce)

55
Q

What does LIA stand for

A

Little Ice Age

56
Q

When did it occur

A

From around 1300 to 1850

57
Q

Was the temperature change with the LIA uniform throughout the world

A

No

58
Q

The LIA is easy to put into one time period

A

No

59
Q

What were the main reasons that the LIA happened

A

A chain of volcanic eruptions and a lack of solar activity

60
Q

What were low sun activity times called

A

Solar minima

61
Q

When did the Wolf minima take place

A

1280-1350

62
Q

When did the Maunder minima take place

A

1654-1715

63
Q

When did the Dalton minima take place

A

1790-1820

64
Q

What do the three minima match

A

times where the glaciers in the European Alps got bigger

65
Q

Did the LIA influence the path of empires

A

Yes

66
Q

Europeans well equipped for making sense of the geography that they encountered in the places they colonized

A

No

67
Q

Did the Europeans discard incorrect ideas about climate from generations past

A

Yes, but they were really slow at doing it.

68
Q

In the 1590s the cultural and economic conditions in
Spain made people do what

A

stay in Spain and move to urban centers

69
Q

In the 1590s the cultural and economic conditions in
England made people do what

A

Move overseas and join the colonies

70
Q

What blocked the Dutch from finding a maritime route to China

A

Frozen seas

71
Q

Did the LIA affect Africa

A

Yes, in some parts

72
Q

Which region in particular lost rain in Africa during the LIA

A

the Sahel region

73
Q

Did the LIA affect Asia

A

Yes

74
Q

How did China stabilize food prices during the LIA

A

By diversifying their food and what they grow

75
Q

The Native Americans did worse than the European colonists during the LIA

A

False

76
Q

What was Florida’s climate during the LIA

A

It was really cold

77
Q

Did people in the Middle Ages blindly follow religion

A

Yes

78
Q

What did the LIA do with religion

A

it made people more skeptical of their religious beliefs

79
Q

Can common ideas about the weather be cleanly divided between pre and post Enlightenment mentalities

A

no

80
Q

Who did we end up with our climate getting worse

A

it is because of what people are doing

fjfjfj (29 decks)

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