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Royal Compendium > PTQ: Sci > Flashcards

PTQ: Sci Flashcards

1
Q

Individuals leaving the population is known as ________.

A

emigration

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2
Q

What is the integration of living and nonliving system components in specific geographic areas called?

A

ecosystems

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3
Q

The ___________ is an objective way to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the
outcome of certain events, processes, or alterations.

A

scientific method

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4
Q

What happens each time an atom splits?

A

A small amount of heat is given off

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5
Q

According to the most common definition, what is a characteristic that organisms must have to be a
species?

A

They must be able to produce viable offspring

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6
Q

What factors cause the type of genetic drift known as the bottleneck effect?

A

hunting, habitat loss, or natural disasters

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7
Q

According to the United Nations, the global human population reached _________ people in November
2022.

A

8 billion

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8
Q

How is ethanol produced?

A

by fermentation

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9
Q

What term is used to describe species that are not native to an area but are introduced by people, either
deliberately or accidentally?

A

exotic species

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10
Q

What largely determines the relatively hospitable temperatures on Earth?

A

heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, also known as greenhouse gases

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11
Q

Mutualists are species that interact in what way?

A

for each other’s benefit

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12
Q

_________ solar energy refers to the collection of solar energy directly from the rays of the Sun without an
intermediate technology such as a pump or blower.

A

Passive

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13
Q

There are periods of mass extinction in which the fossil record reveals that _______ numbers of species
died in a very _______ time interval.

A

large, short

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14
Q

What happens to the size of a population as the limiting resource decreases?

A

the population decreases

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15
Q

An automobile parked in the sun with its windows closed on a cool day is an example of what effect?

A

the greenhouse effect

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16
Q

What is the process of becoming most suited for a particular environment called?

A

adaptation

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17
Q

When carbon combines with oxygen, it forms what?

A

carbon dioxide

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18
Q

How do environmental scientists define a population?

A

a group of individuals of a single species

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19
Q

How much energy does a pound of enriched uranium contain compared to gasoline?

A

the energy content of 1 million gallons of gasoline

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20
Q

According to the USAP Science Resource Guide, every day the Earth is bathed with what type of energy?

A

solar energy

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21
Q

The set of traits expressed by individuals that results from the interaction of genotype and environment is
known as _______________.

A

phenotype

22
Q

What can happen to species as environments undergo major changes over a long period of time?

A

They will either die out or adapt through natural selection.

23
Q

What is the main environmental objection to wind power?

A

the amount of bird deaths it causes

24
Q

The term “trophe” in trophic levels comes from the Greek word for what?

A

nourishment

25
Q

Sediments include nonchemical pollutants such as sand, silt, and clay that become mobilized when soil is
________.

A

disturbed

26
Q

Active solar energy is primarily used for heating hot water and ___________.

A

generating electricity

27
Q

According to the United Nations Development Program, people who live in developed countries own what percentage of the world’s automobiles and trucks?

A

87%

28
Q

What provides the first step in understanding why some species are found or not found in various regions?

A

evolutionary history

29
Q

In the context of agriculture, what does the term “intensity” refer to?

A

the amount of food grown per acre of land

30
Q

Grasslands are often called ___________ in the U.S. and steppes in central Asia.

A

prairies

31
Q

Oil and other petroleum products enter the oceans through multiple sources, most notably from spills from _______ and oil tankers.

A

off-shore drilling

32
Q

What is resilience in an ecosystem?

A

the rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

33
Q

The interactions of systems and components within systems are known as __________ ____________.

A

system dynamics

34
Q

What energy does a wind turbine convert?

A

the kinetic energy of wind to the potential energy of electricity

35
Q

_________ is critical for life on Earth because it is one of the elements in ________, which are the basic
components of all organisms.

A

Nitrogen, amino acids

36
Q

What is another, more common term, for hydraulic fracturing?

A

fracking

37
Q

____________ interactions are those that increase the survival probability or reproduction of both species.

A

Mutualistic

38
Q

A butterfly stirring the air in Beijing can affect weather patterns in New York a month later. This often-
paraphrased statement is a poetic way of describing the ______________ of systems on Earth.

A

interconnectedness

39
Q

What does IPCC stand for?

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

40
Q

The ________ record is the basis of the geologic time scale, which divides time into various intervals.

A

Fossil

41
Q

Because natural gas is less dense than oil, it lies ________ it in the rock strata.

A

above

42
Q

An open system is one where the exchange of matter or __________ between it and other systems occurs.

A

energy

43
Q

The heat produced from the radioactive decay of elements deep in the Earth is called _______ energy.

A

geothermal

44
Q

What are biomes?

A

major regions of differing vegetation and wildlife types

45
Q

A __________ species is a species with a dramatically _______ effect on an ecosystem relative to its
abundance.

A

keystone, large

46
Q

What are the goals for energy use in a sustainable society?

A

increase efficiency while reducing costs and pollutants

47
Q

The metal lead is very useful because it is soft, malleable, and resists corrosion, but it also impairs what part of the human body?

A

the human central nervous system

48
Q

How big is the effect of human actions on Earth’s biosphere and global climate?

A

very large

49
Q

A(n) __________ ___________ is a measure that reflects the environmental health of a system.

A

environmental indicator

50
Q

Remains of extinct plants and animals that have been preserved in rock are known as ______.

A

fossils

Royal Compendium (35 decks)

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