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PG's Royal Compendium > MEH SCI > Flashcards

MEH SCI Flashcards

This is pretty meh

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1
Q

What approach is needed to study the impacts we have left on the Earth

A

A interdisciplinary approach

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2
Q

Environmental science

A

the study of the impacts
of human activities on environmental systems

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3
Q

environment

A

the sum total of all the conditions
and living and nonliving factors that surround an
organism

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4
Q

scientific
method

A

observations, hypothesis testing,
field and laboratory research, and other practices,

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5
Q

system

A

a set of living and/or nonliving components
connected in such a way that changes in one part of
the system affect other parts

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6
Q

environmental indicator

A

a measure that reflects
the environmental health of a system

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7
Q

Is there a single measure that is an indicator for the planet

A

there is no single indicator that effectively assesses
the whole planet

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8
Q

environmental indicators focused on in section 1

A

Biological diversity, Human population growth, Food Production, Resource consumption, Global temperature and atmospheric
greenhouse gas levels, Pollution levels

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9
Q

biological diversity

A

diversity of
genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems on Earth

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10
Q

species

A

group of organisms that is distinct from other groups
in morphology (body type), physiology, or biochemical
properties.

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11
Q

How many known species are there

A

approximately 1.8
million “known”—that is, identified and catalogued—
species on Earth today.

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12
Q

Atul number of species

A

highly debated thought to be 10 times the number of the known species

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13
Q

How many species that
have ever lived on Earth are now extinct.

A

About 99.9%

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14
Q

What doestimates have been made using “quiet” periods in the
geologic record (that is, time periods with no massive
environmental or biological upheaval) say the extinction rates are usally

A

2 mammal extinction per 10000 every hundred years

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15
Q

What is the current extinction rate

A

Attempts
to estimate species loss by relating it to the area of land
that has been altered by human activity suggest that as
many as 40,000 species per year may be going extinct.

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16
Q

What is the current extinction like

A

It is like a mass extinction event

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17
Q

keystone species

A

Species that if go extinction can cause a chain of extinction

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18
Q

When did the global human population human reach eight billion people (according to the UN)

A

November 2020

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19
Q

How many infants are born every day

A

Roughly 378,000 are born every day

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20
Q

How many people die every day

A

Roughly 148,000 die every die

21
Q

When did the world population stop undergoing exponential growth

A

in the 1960s

22
Q

For how much longer will the Human population increase

A

for another 50 to 100 years

23
Q

What is the projection for the population cap

A

It is somewhere between 8 and 12 billion people in the year 2150

24
Q

What provides half of the calories for humans

A

Food grains such as wheat, corn and rice

25
Q

“intensity” in the context of agriculture

A

how much food is grown per hectare or acre
of land.

26
Q

What do high-intensity practices lead to

A

soil erosion, runoff
of fertilizers and animal wastes into waterways, and
buildup of pesticides, all of which reduce the quality
of the land.

27
Q

What happens as the quality of the land degrades

A

its yield
begins to decline

28
Q

Sustainable use

A

present-day consumption
of resources allows an adequate supply to remain for
future generations.

29
Q

Is there a way to determine the sustainability of a given society

A

No

30
Q

What is the temperature of the Earth is regulated by

A

many
factors, including incoming solar radiation, absorbed
solar heat emanating from the Earth, the surface area of ice caps and ocean, and the concentration of certain
gases that surround the Earth.

31
Q

Why are greenhouse gases called greenhouse gases

A

Because these gases trap heat
around the Earth, warming the atmosphere—much
like the glass around a greenhouse traps heat

32
Q

What are two greenhouse gases that are
present in the atmosphere due to both natural processes
and human activities.

A

Carbon Dioxide and methane

33
Q

Why is the metal Lead so useful

A

because it is soft, malleable (can be shaped with just
a hammer), and resists corrosion,

34
Q

What is the down side to lead

A

it also impairs
human central nervous system function and is toxic
to most plants and animals.

35
Q

What do coal and oil contain

A

small amounts of lead

36
Q

What happened as oil and coal were burned

A

lead was released in atmosphere

37
Q

What was used as an additive to gasoline to improve engine performance

A

Lead

38
Q

What was the majority of lead production and emissions in the twentieth century

A

Leaded gasoline

39
Q

What was the clean air legislation

A

it was the bill that required that new cars in the US use unleaded gasoline. This started in 1975

40
Q

Where can leaded fuel be used

A

in offroad cars and planes

41
Q

What is an indicator of the
amount of pollution in the
natural environment

A

The amount of lead in the atmosphere, water,
soils, and plants and animals

42
Q

What was a major ingredient in paint

A

Lead

43
Q

What is the percentage of lead in paint before the 1960s

A

there was up to 50% of lead found in paint

44
Q

What happened to paint after 1960

A

There were less concentrations of lead in the paint

45
Q

What is the major source of lead contamination today

A

lead in our drinking water

46
Q

What are the two general ways that coal is mined

A

deep shaft mining and surface mining

47
Q

Deep shaft mining

A

tunnels are dug as deep as 2000 feet people are sent into these tunnels to mine coal and bring it to the surface

48
Q
A

PG's Royal Compendium (28 decks)

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