S.S 11/7/2024 Flashcards
What were the goals of the CIngress of Vienna
Create a new balance of power in Europe, maintain peace between the great powers, prevent future political revolutions
What is the Congress of vienna
a series of meetings to set up policies to establish security and stability in Europe after naploeon’s defeat
What 4governments/countries were involved in the decisions of the Congress of vienna
Great briten, Russia, Prussia, and Austrioa.
After the Congress of Vuenna there was no continent war for almost how many years
100
After the Congress of Vienna when did the major countries in Europe go to war again?
1914 and World War 1
What Alliance between leaders was created to stop the spread of democracy after the Congress of vienna.
Holy Alliance
Liberal
Someone who wants to change the status quo - in the 1800s these were usually members of the middle class, seeking more freedom from government control and more political rights
Conservative
Someone who wanted to preserve traditional power and culture. These were usually members of the upper class, as they would lose power if liberals gained more political rights.
Reactionary
Person who wants to go back to the past. The leaders at the congress of Vienna were reationaries
Radical
Person who wants extreme change. These people might be people 0who want more extreme ideas, like communism. These might be people in the 18–s pushing for voting rights for woman, or the end of slavery / more rights for people of color.
What is nationalism
The belief that each nationality (ethnic group) is entitled to its own homeland and government.
Who was the statement at the Congress of Vienna who helped make decisions there, and helped create a system that prevented the rise of nationalism in europe.
Prince Klemens von Mettrnich
What two countries were able to achieve independence in 1830
Greece and Belgium
France in 1830 what kind of monarchy?
a constitutional monarchy.
what is a constitutional monarchy?
the ability to pass laws is held by the legislative branch of government.
What year were many revolutions breaking out in europe
1848
What was happening in Europe in 1848
Many revolutions. The middle class and por rebelled agenst several major cities in Europe. Famine and unemployment led told more revolutionary movements. Almost all of these revolutions were stopped but after 1848 leaders began to give in to peoples demads for more rights and democracy.
What set of ideas of the French revolution would re-appear in other revolutions around the world
Russian revolution
Who is Toussaint L’overture and what coloney did he lead an uprising in?
led an uprising of African slaves agenst French, spanish, and English forces in hati.
what is the importance of Toussaint L’overture in history
his uprising ignited a desire for freedom across the Americas and inspired other coloneys to speek independence.
who is Simon Bolivar? How did he help countries in Latin America gain their independence from Spain.
He was a Venezuelanpolitical leader. He drove spamish forces from northern south america and ghelped lay the foundationss of democracy in latin america.
What two revolutions ignited the spirit of nationalisum in Europe?
The French and American revolutions
what country had gained control over much of Italy after the Congress of vienna
Austrian control
what italian natioalist leader began calling for the unification of Italy into a single country
Giuseppe Mazzini
What did count camillo di Cavour do to help unite sections of Italy together
defeated the austriaans and drove them ut of northern italy. he also merged the states of northern and central Italy with Piedmont.
what leader in southern italy put together his own revolutionary society (called the red shirts) to overthrow the king of napels
Giuseppe Garballdi
After the nationalist leaders united their lands who became king king of Italy whose reign brought the end of the Italian monarchy.
King Victor Emanuel
Who worked with king Victor Emanuel to make laws
the legislator worked with the king to pass laws
what year was unification complete
1870
what German kingdom under the leadership of Kaiser Wihelm and Otto von Bismark, led the movement for unification of German kingdoms into one nation.
Prussia
Who’s policy was blood and iron
Otto von Bismarrk
What was the policy of blood and iron
Used skillful diplomacy and Prussian military power to achieve unification.
What countries did the German kingdoms defeat together in order to unify their lands
Denmark, Austria and France.
what was the Ems Dispatch
A message that Otto von Bismark altered to make it look like the prussian king hand insulted the French leader.
Why did Otto von Bismark change the message
He knew it would lead France to go to war agenst Prussia.
What was the Franco-Prussian War
A quick war that Prussia won and took the territoies Alsance and Lorraine from France, and used their success to convince German kingdoms to united with them into one nation
Name the many groups in the lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Germans, Hungrians, Poles, Czechs, Romainians, and Ukranians.
After what major war did the Austro-Hungarian Empire break upp
World War 1
Name the four major reasons that the ottoman empire became weak in the 1800s
-Disunity –> b/c of the size
-Falure to Modernize –> couldn’t keep up w/ western technology
-Warfare –> lost important territory
- Nationalism –> difficulty rullinh different nationality s.
WHY DO PEOPLE REVOLT?
People revolt when the government fails to meet the needs of the people, and the people have no other legal options available to them
Who ruled over the colonies in Latin america expect for brazil
King of spain
Who ruled over brazil
Portugal
Who were the Peninsulares
people born in Europe – were the only people allowed to run the colonial governments and serve as viceroy
who were the Creoles
The American-born people of European descent
Colonies had to provide cheap raw materials to the “mother country” and was forced to buy products only from their “mother country”
This left the people in Latin America at an economic disadvantage
a
…
How were the social classes based off of
Race
Peninsulares
People born on the libarn peninsula. They were the most powerful people in the Americas.
Criollos or creoles
people born in the Americas f European ancestry. They were wealthy landowners but could not hold high government positions.
Mestizos
Mestizos were of mixed ansestary. They were part european and part Indian. They could not hold government offices
Muolattos
part-african and part European. They were not able to hold government offices
Indians
forced to labor oin the encomienda system
African slaves
brought in to do the work a dying native population could not do
During the Nepoleonic war what happened to the coloneys
the king of spain was overthrown and the coloneys were able to work as independent nations
Who is Toussaint L’ouverture and where is he from
started a slave revolt during the French revolution. He is from Hati
What did Toussaint do for slaves
lead them to victory and freedom
Did Toussaint see the end of the revolution
NO
When did hati become free
1804
What happened when France tryed to take control of hati again
France failed because of yellow fever and guerilla warfare tactics
What kind of government did hati have after the revolution
Dictatorships
What probems did hati have after its revolution
Unable to provide for its people
What did the US do after Hatis independence
The US stopped bringing slaves from the Caribbean, tightened its slave laws to avoid a slave revolt like in Hati
Who is Miguel Hidalgo and where is he from
Mexico
Priest calling for independence for indigenous people and mestizoes - “Grito de Dolores”
what was the Monroe Doctrine
No new colonization in Latin America
How did Brazil get freedom
Gains independence from Portugal relatively peacefully
Who is King Joao and what did he do
– moved to Brazil from Portugal to escape Napoleon
- Returned to Portugal - left his son in charge - Dom Pedro
Who is Dom Pedro
declares independence with creoles
Portugal agrees to the independence - maintains friendly relationship with Brazil
WHat did Brazil become
Brazil becomes constitutional monarchy
In Latin America the development of the social class structure was most strongly affected by what
Cultural influences of the Spanish and portuguese
