Sprains - Treatment and Condition Flashcards
What is a Sprain?
An overstretched ligament.
What is the cause for a Sprain?
A sudden twist or pull of the joint beyond its normal ROM.
What are contributing factors for a client getting a Sprain?
Ligamentous laxity, having previous sprains, altered biomechanics, CT pathologies such as RA.
What is a grade 1 Sprain?
Minor stretch / tear to the ligament.
No instability on PR rom testing.
Can continue with activity but with some discomfort.
What is a Grade 2 Sprain?
Tearing of the ligamentous fibers.
Snapping sound at time of injury and the joint gives way.
Joint is hypermobile, yet still stable on PR rom.
Difficulty continuing activity due to pain.
What is a Grade 3 Sprain?
Either a complete rupture of the ligament or an avulsion fracture could occur with this.
Significant instability, person cannot continue activity.
Pain is present in Acute stage, while a chronic sprain may be painlessly hypermoblie in the direction the ligament is intended to check.
What does a symptom picture for Acute Grade 1 Sprain look like?
Pain is mild and local to injury at rest and on activity.
Joint is stable, client can continue activity.
What does the symptom pictures for Acute Grade 2 Sprain look like?
Snapping sound and the joint gives way,
Pain is moderate at rest ad with activities that stress the ligament.
Joint instability, if present is slight.
Difficult continuing activity due to pain.
What does the Symptom picture for Acute Grade 3 Sprain look like?
Snapping noise, Pain may be intense or mild at least. Hematoma may be present. Joint unstable. Cannot continue activity.
What is the Symptom picture for Early Subacute Sprain?
Bruising is black and blue.
Pain Edema, and inflammation, but reduced from the acute stage.
ROM reduced.
What is the Symptom picture for a Late Subacute Sprain?
Bruising changes to yellow, green, brown.
Protective mm spasm replaced by increased tone of mms.
ROM reduced.
What is the Symptom picture for a Chronic Sprain?
Pain local to the Ligament if ligament is stressed.
Bruising is gone.
HT and TP’s ad present in mm’s crossing the joint.
Mm weakness or disuse atrophy may be present.
What occurs in all grades of Sprains?
Bruising is red black and blue.
Decreased ROM.
Depending on severity, there is little, moderate or severe loss of function of the affected joint.
What is involved in testing of a Acute Sprain?
AF ROM of proximal, Affected and distal joints is performed.
(Do ROM in direction of injury last)
Ballottable pattela and minor effusion test can be used at the knee if there is any swelling to rule out any Severe injuries.
What is involved in testing of a Early / Late Sub acute Sprain?
AF ROM of proximal, affected and distal joints is performed.
PR ROM performed slowly but in the direction of injury last.
Ligamentous stress test can be used as a special test.
