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PE A-level > Sports Psychology Mr McGarrity (Paper 2) > Flashcards

Sports Psychology Mr McGarrity (Paper 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is arousal ?

A

it is a state of activation experienced by athletes before or during/after a performance. It is a energised and ready state.

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2
Q

What is the drive theory ?

A

this is where as arousal increases so does your performance.

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3
Q

What is the drive theory dependant on ?

A

The drive theory is dependant on what stages of learning you are as high arousal affects your decision making . Your dominant response is your response you are most likely to produce. A cognitive learner is likely to make more mistakes as their arousal level increase as their dominant action is not likely to be the right response. Whereas with a autonomous performer they are more likely to produce a correct action as arousal levels increase.

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4
Q

What is the Inverted-U theory ?

A

this theory suggests that as arousal increases so does performance, but only up to an optimal point. After the optimal point performance begins to decrease.

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5
Q

What does the optimal level depend on in the Inverted-U theory ?

A

experience, personality and the difficulty of the task

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6
Q

What is the catastrophe theory ?

A

this is where as arousal increases so does performance until there is a sudden slump in performance

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7
Q

How is the sudden slump caused in the catastrophe theory ?

A

it is caused by both somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety

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8
Q

Do different athletes have different zones of optimal functioning ?

A

yes

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9
Q

How does an athlete feel during the flow state ?

A
  • confident
  • calm
  • in control of their actions
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10
Q

How can peak flow be disrupted ?

A
  • poor mental preparation
  • pressure from the crowd
  • fatigue
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11
Q

What is anxiety ?

A

this is a state of worrying, nervousness and irrational thinking

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of different anxieties ?

A
  • Competitive trait anxiety
  • Competitive state anxiety
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13
Q

What is competitive trait anxiety ?

A

this is a genetically inherited anxiety, where a person feels nervous in most sporting situations

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14
Q

What is competitive state anxiety ?

A

this is a temporary rush of anxiety that is caused by a threatening situation like a penalty in football

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15
Q

If a person has high trait anxiety are they more likely to experience competitive state anxiety during a stressful situation ?

A

yes

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16
Q

What is cognitive anxiety ?

A

This is a psychological anxiety, which is caused by irrational thinking or worries about performance. This will cause a lack of concentration.

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17
Q

What is somatic anxiety ?

A

this is a physiological anxiety. The symptoms of this anxiety are: increase in heart rate, sweating, muscular tension and potential sickness.

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18
Q

How does somatic anxiety affect arousal levels?

A

an increase in somatic anxiety leads to an increase in performance, however only up to a certain point. As when you pass the optimal point, performance begins to fall.

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19
Q

How does cognitive anxiety affect arousal levels ?

A

this has a negative effect on arousal levels. As cognitive anxiety increases, performance decreases.

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20
Q

What are advantages of a questionnaire ?

A

*quick
* cheap
* efficient: large numbers of people can be measured quickly

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20
Q

How can anxiety be measured ?

A
  • self-report questionnaire
  • observation
  • Physiological testing
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21
Q

What are disadvantages of a questionnaire ?

A
  • players might not answer truthfully
  • dependant on mood
  • time pressure could cause answers to be rushed leading to incorrect responses
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22
Q

What is an example of a questionnaire ?

A

Sports Competition Anxiety test (SCAT)

23
Q

What are advantages of observation ?

A

true to life

24
Q

What are disadvantages of observation ?

A
  • subjective
  • time consuming as prior knowledge of performer is required
25
Q

What are advantages of physiological measuring ?

A
  • results are factual
  • can be measured in both training and competition. Advances in technology mean that heart rate can be measured by electronic devices in clothing and relayed immediately back to the coach.
26
Q

What are disadvantages of physiological measuring ?

A
  • training is required to use devices
  • cost may deter amateurs
  • wearing a device can restrict movement, thus affecting performance
27
Q

What are the benefits of goal setting ?

A
  • improves confidence as performer experiences improvements in their technique
  • if a player achieves their goals they experience pride and satisfaction, therefore this increases intrinsic motivation.
  • can increase motivation
28
Q

What are outcome goals ?

A

these are goals based on results. For example winning the FA cap. Evaluation of the outcome goals is based on performance/outcome of others. If goal is reached motivation is maintained and if not it can negatively affect motivation and confidence

29
Q

What are task-orientated goals ?

A

these are goals which are focused on the technique and individual performance of the player. An example of this is improving their personal best in long jump. Evaluation of a task-orientated goals is comparing with previous personal performances.

30
Q

What make up the SMARTER principles ?

A
  • Specific
  • Measured
  • Achievable
  • Realistic
  • Time-bound
  • Evaluate
  • Re-do
31
Q

What is specific in terms of smarter principles ?

A
  • goals have to be specific to performer
  • goals should be clear/relevant
32
Q

What is measured in terms of smarter principles ?

A

form of assessment, such as statistics, to see how much progress has been made

33
Q

What is achievable in terms of smarter principles ?

A

goals should be attainable

34
Q

What is realistic in terms of smarter principles ?

A

should be within reach to maintain motivation .If goal is too easy, then not enough effort will be put in. If goal is too hard then anxiety can be caused.

35
Q

What is time-bound in terms of smarter principle ?

A
  • short/long term goals are set
  • deadline should be set to see if goal has been reached
36
Q

What is evaluate in terms of smarter principle ?

A

performer/coach should evaluate how and when goals was achieved, so that future attempts at reaching target can be assessed.

37
Q

What is re-do in terms of smarter principle ?

A

if goal has not been reached, progress is slow, or performer thinks he can do better, then they should do it again.

38
Q

What is motivation ?

A

the drive needed to succeed

39
Q

What are the two types of motivation ?

A

*Intrinsic motivation
* Extrinsic motivation

40
Q

What is intrinsic motivation ?

A

motivation from within. It is a feeling of pride/satisfaction.

41
Q

What is extrinsic motivation ?

A

motivation from outside influences. Such as a coach. Extrinsic motivation can have tangible/intangible rewards. Tangible rewards are physical, whereas intangible rewards are non-physical

42
Q

How can a coach maintain extrinsic/intrinsic motivation ?

A
  • using rewards early on
  • make the activity fun/enjoyable
  • pointing out role models for performer to aspire to
43
Q

What is achievement motivation ?

A

looks at how much desire a player has to succeed

44
Q

What is a need to achieve (NACH) performer ?

A

this is a performer who will keep on trying when things are tough, and they approach competition with enthusiasm and have a approach behaviour.

45
Q

What are the characteristics of a NACH performer ?

A
  • they are confident
  • take risks
  • seek pride/satisfaction from their performance
46
Q

What are need to avoid performers (NAF) performers ?

A

this is where a performer has a need to avoid competition and seek safe and secure options rather than risky ones. They show avoidance behaviour.

47
Q

What are the characteristics of a NAF performer ?

A
  • they will give up easily
  • lack confidence
  • take the easy option
48
Q

What sporting situations attract what type of performer ?

A

if the task is easy then NAF performer will will be drawn to these situations, however no sense of pride will be achieved. If the task is difficult and might not be completed successfully then NACH performer will be drawn to these situations, and will gain lots of pride if success is achieved.

49
Q

What are the 5 different types of strategies coaches uses to develop NACH performers ?

A
  • Reinforcement
  • Attributing success internally
  • Allowing success
  • Improving confidence
  • Goal setting
50
Q

How is reinforcement a strategy to develop NACH performers ?

A

coaches should offer praise/rewards to players who achieve their goal, so they continue to have the desire to do well in the future.

51
Q

How is attributing success internally a strategy to develop NACH performers ?

A

the coach should tell players that success was achieved because of something that they have done.

52
Q

How is allowing success a strategy to develop NACH performers ?

A

the coach should set tasks that can be accomplished in early development to improve confidence

53
Q

How is goal setting a strategy to develop NACH performers ?

A

goals should be achievable, and then new challenges should be set. These should not only concern winning, but also improving performance.

54
Q

What does achievement goal theory suggest ?

A

it suggests that motivation/task persistence depends on the type of goal set by the performer whether it is a outcome goal or a task-orientated goal.

55
Q

Why is a task-orientated goal seen as better than an outcome goal ?

A

with an outcome goal if the performer fails to reach that goal that can lead to a loss of motivation/confidence. In addition if outcome goal is deemed to difficult they will be discouraged or simply do a easier task, which will prevent them from improving. However with task-orientated goal success can be achieved regardless of the result and therefore confidence is maintained.

PE A-level (9 decks)

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