Sport and Society Miss Kieser Paper 2

Question 1

What is a drug ?

Answer 1

a drug is a substance which has a physiological effect when introduced into the body

Question 2

What are the social reasons for taking drugs in sport ?

Answer 2

• financial rewards for winning, such as sponsorship deals
• fame and celebrity status
• pressure and expectation to perform

Question 3

What are the psychological reasons for taking drugs in sport ?

Answer 3

• increase in confidence and reduced insecure feelings
• to reduce anxiety
• to increase aggression

Question 4

What are anabolic steroids ?

Answer 4

this is a drug which increases muscles mass , strength and power. Has an increase in protein storage in the muscles and can increase anaerobic capacity.

Question 5

Who would use anabolic steroids ?

Answer 5

weight lifters and sprinters

Question 6

What are the side effects of anabolic steroids ?

Answer 6

• heart disease
• liver damage
• high blood pressure

Question 7

What are beta blockers ?

Answer 7

this drug reduces anxiety. Can slow heart rate and breathing rate down and increase precision for fine motor skills.

Question 8

Who would use beta blockers ?

Answer 8

divers and archers

Question 9

What are the side effects of beta blockers ?

Answer 9

• Fatigue due to low blood pressure
• dizziness
• low aerobic capacity

Question 10

What is EPO ?

Answer 10

this drug increases haemoglobin levels. It leads to an increase in oxygen carrying capacity resulting in an increase in aerobic energy production. Increases cardiovascular endurance and the effects of fatigue. As well as this it can increase recovery time.

Question 11

Who would use EPO ?

Answer 11

endurance athletes: cyclists

Question 12

What are the side effects of EPO ?

Answer 12

• increase in blood viscosity
• stroke
• blood clotting

Question 13

What are positive implications of drug taking on the sport ?

Answer 13

• raises the performance levels in the sport

Question 14

What are the negative implications of drug taking on the sport ?

Answer 14

• a sport may lose integrity through a few high profile cases
• the reputation of the sport is at risk
• negative role models are produced

Question 15

What are the positive implications of drug taking on the performer ?

Answer 15

• use of PED’s can increase performance levels and chances of winning
• winning can lead to fame and fortune through sponsorship deals and prize money

Question 16

What are the negative implications of drug taking on the performer ?

Answer 16

• increased health risks on the performer in the short and long term
• could lead to legal action and jail sentences
• following a positive test an athlete may lose sponsorship deals and future earnings

Question 17

What is UKAD ?

Answer 17

this is a UK Anti-doping organisation who are dedicated to protect the athletes right to participate in clean sport. They work with NGB’s to make sure the sports complies with the World Anti-doping code.

Question 18

What is the Athlete Biological Passport ?

Answer 18

this detects physiological changes over time to see if an athlete has taken any banned substances

Question 19

What is the ‘100% me’ programme ?

Answer 19

this is a UKAD programme for athletes to be educated and raise awareness about drug taking in sport

Question 20

What challenges are still faced with drug taking ?

Answer 20

• accurate testing: there are new drugs which are being developed which are hard to detect
• UKAD are a leading country in the fight against drug taking in sport, however not all countries have the same approach due to a number of factors such as lack of government funding.
• Variation and lack of standardisation in terms of sanctions globally

Question 21

What are the advantages of the golden triangle ?

Answer 21

• increased income to the sport allowing events to be televised
• increased promotion of the sport to gain more fans and increase in popularity
• improved facilities benefit spectator and performer

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of the golden triangle ?

Answer 22

• possibility of media coverage which focuses on the negative aspect of the sport
• the media and sponsors can change the nature of a sporting activity
• the media and sponsor only televise already popular, high profile sports

Question 23

What is OFCOM ?

Answer 23

this is the communication regulator in the UK

Question 24

What is ringfenced ?

Answer 24

this is where a number of sporting events at national and international level must be available for viewing on free-to-access TV.

Question 25

What is the reason for Ringfenced sporting events ?

Answer 25

• to give everyone the luxury to watch the sporting event
• to enable the viewing of certain sporting events which are seen as our sporting heritage and culture.

Question 26

What are the advantages of media coverage for a sport ?

Answer 26

• increase the profile of the sport
• increase participation levels within a sport as a result of TV coverage which encourages others to take part
• increase standards in performance and behaviour as a result of media coverage

Question 27

What are disadvantages of media coverage for a sport ?

Answer 27

• the traditional nature of the sport is lost as NGB’s lose control over the sport to the media and sponsors
• There are inequalities of coverage: more popular sports are more frequently covered than less popular sports such as squash
• more breaks in play can disrupt the spectator experience

Question 28

What are the positive effects of commercialisation on elite performers ?

Answer 28

• increased wages
• increased availability of contracts where performers are able to devote themselves fully to the sport
• increased funding to pay for access to high quality training support and specialist equipment

Question 29

What are the negative effects of commercialisation on elite performers ?

Answer 29

• increased pressure to win to maintain high level prize money
• an increase in deviant behaviour due to increased pressure to win
• sponsors become too demanding on the player