Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are newtons 3 laws of linear motion ?

A
  • Law of inertia
  • Law of accelaration
  • Law of action and reaction
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2
Q

What is the law of inertia ?

A

this is where a performer will remain still until a force has been applied

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3
Q

What is the law of acceleration ?

A

force= mass* acceleration

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4
Q

What is the law of action and reaction ?

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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5
Q

What is an example for a first class lever ?

A

triceps extending in the elbow

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6
Q

What is an example of a second class lever ?

A

plantarflexion of the ankle

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7
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a first and third class lever ?

A

large range of movement and quick resistance

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8
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a second class lever ?

A

can generate much larger forces, as it has to lift the whole body

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9
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage of first and third class lever ?

A

cannot apply much force to move an object

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10
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage of second class lever ?

A

slow, with a limited range of movement

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11
Q

What is a scalar quantity ?

A

these are quantities that just have size

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12
Q

What are vector quantities ?

A

theses are quantities that have size and direction

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13
Q

What are 3 examples of a scalar quantity ?

A
  • Speed
  • Mass
  • Distance
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14
Q

What are 3 examples of a vector quantity ?

A
  • velocity
  • weight
  • acceleration
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15
Q

What is the conversation of momentum ?

A

this occurs when a athlete is in flight. When in flight neither mass or velocity can be altered. Mass is always constant.

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16
Q

What are internal forces ?

A

these are forces generated by muscular-skeletal system

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17
Q

What are external forces ?

A

forces from outside of the body

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18
Q

What are two types of external forces ?

A
  • horizontal forces
  • vertical forces
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19
Q

What are two examples of horizontal forces ?

A
  • friction
  • air resistance
20
Q

What are two examples of vertical forces ?

A
  • weight
  • reaction force
21
Q

What is a balanced force ?

A

this is when there are two or more forces acting on a body that are equal in size but opposite in direction

22
Q

What is a unbalanced force ?

A

this is created when a force acting in one direction is larger than the force acting in the opposite direction

23
Q

What is impulse ?

A

this is the time taken for a force to be applied

24
Q

How do you calculate impulse ?

A

Impulse= force*time

25
When does angular motion occur ?
when a force is applied outside of the centre of mass
26
What is torque ?
this is a turning force
27
What are the 2 things that torque is dependant on ?
* the greater the size of the force the greater the torque * application of the same force further away from the axis will increase torque
28
How do you calculate moment of force ?
force*perpendicular distance from the fulcrum
29
How does an athlete reach equilibrium ?
the sum of the clockwise movements must be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise movements about the fulcrum
30
What is angular displacement ?
this is the smallest change in angle between the starting point and the finishing point.
31
What is angular displacement measured in ?
radians
32
What is 1 radian in degrees ?
1 radian = 57.3 degrees
33
What is angular accelaration ?
this is the rate of change of angular velocity
34
How is angular velocity calculated ?
angular displacement/time taken
35
How is angular acceleration calculated ?
change in angular velocity/time taken
36
What is inertia ?
the resistance of the body to change in motion
37
What is moment of inertia ?
the resistance of the body to change in motion when rotating
38
What 2 factors is moment of inertia dependant on ?
* the mass of the object. The greater the mass the greater resistance to change and therefore the greater the moment of inertia * how the mass is distributed from the point of rotation. The further the mass from the point of rotation =the bigger the momentum of inertia and the harder to stop the movement,
39
How is angular momentum calculated ?
angular velocity*moment of inertia
40
Is angular momentum conserved ?
yes
41
What relationship does angular momentum have with moment of inertia
they have a inversely proportional relationship. If one decreases the other increases
42
What is the conversation of angular momentum ?
a body will keep on spinning/rotating unless forces act upon it
43
What is projectile motion ?
this refers to the movement of an object in flight.
44
What are the 3 factors that affect horizontal displacement of an object ?
* angle of release. The optimum angle of release is dependant upon release height and landing height * velocity of release. The greater the release of the velocity of a projectile the greater the horizontal displacement. * height of release. the greater the height of the release of an object the greater the horizontal displacement.
45
What are the two types of projectile ?
* parabolic projectile * distorted projectile