Exercise Physiology Miss Kieser Paper 2 Flashcards
What are the 7 classifications of food ?
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fat
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
- Fibre
What is the role of carbohydrates ?
carbohydrates provide energy. They are digested and converted into glucose .The glucose is then stored in the muscles and liver and it is stored as glycogen.
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates ?
*simple: these are easily digested/processed foods
* complex: takes longer for the body to digest and is found in plant based foods
What is the glycaemic index ?
this shows how quickly certain foods raise a persons blood glucose levels.This is important to know as it can help us decide what to eat in order to aid our training.
What is the role of protein ?
proteins are amino acids and they build body cells.
How are proteins important for humans ?
- growth/repair
- making enzymes
- making hormones
What are the 2 different types of fats ?
- Saturated fats
- Unsaturated fats
What can saturated fats cause ?
- poor flexibility
- weight gain
- poor stamina
- high levels of cholesterol
What is another type of saturated fat ?
trans-fats.
What are trans-fats ?
these are found in oils, meat and diary. And these can cause high levels of cholestoral
What is the role of unsaturated fats ?
they act as an insulator and they help to carry and transport vitamins. They are a major fuel source in the body.
What are the two types of vitamins ?
*fat-soluble vitamins
* water-soluble vitamins
What is the role of vitamin B1 ?
it is found in bread and breaks down and releases energy from food
What is the role of vitamin B2 ?
it is found in yoghurt and breaks down and releases energy from food
What is the role of vitamin B6 ?
it is found in fish and helps to use and store energy from proteins and also helps form haemoglobin.
What is the role of vitamin C ?
it is found in green vegetables and fruit. It protects cells and keeps them healthy. It maintains bones, teeth, gums and ligaments
What is the role of vitamin D ?
it is made by the body, under the skin, when exposed to sunlight. Helps absorb calcium and keeps bones and teeth healthy.
What are the roles of minerals ?
they are found in meat, fish and eggs. They assist bodily functions.
What are the different types of minerals ?
- calcium
- sodium
- iron
What is the role of calcium ?
they are important for strong bones and teeth. And are effective for nerve and muscle function
What is the role of sodium ?
they regulate bodily fluids
What is the role of Iron ?
it forms haemoglobin in red blood cells and helps transport oxygen.
What is the role of water ?
transport nutrients, hormones, waste products and oxygen.
What is Glycogen loading as a dietary supplement ?
this is were 6 days before a competition, a performer eats a diet high in protein for 3 days, exercises at a high rate to burn off any existing carbohydrate stores. This is then followed by 3 days of a diet high in carbohydrates and high training. This is done to maintain glycogen stores.