Respiratory System(Paper 1)( Miss Kieser)

Question 1

Give me the mechanics of breathing when inhaling ?

Answer 1

• the intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage in and out.
• the diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten
• The chest cavity gets larger, causing pressure in the lungs to decrease

Question 2

Give me the mechanics of breathing when exhaling ?

Answer 2

• the intercostal muscles relax and so the ribcage falls down and in.
• the diaphragm relaxes pushing it up and into a dome shape.
• the chest cavity gets smaller and so the pressure in the lungs increases.

Question 3

What is minute ventilation ?

Answer 3

this is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per minute

Question 4

What is tidal volume ?

Answer 4

the volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 5

What is inspiratory reserve volume ?

Answer 5

the volume of air able to be forcibly inhaled after a normal breath

Question 6

What is expiratory reserve volume ?

Answer 6

the volume of air to be forcibly be exhaled after a normal breath

Question 7

What is residual volume ?

Answer 7

the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Question 8

What is gas exchange ?

Answer 8

gas exchange is the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing between the lungs and blood.

Question 9

What is external respiration ?

Answer 9

• carbon dioxide diffuses from pulmonary circulation into alveoli
• oxygen diffuses from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries

Question 10

What is internal respiration ?

Answer 10

*oxygen diffuses from systematic capillaries into cells
*carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into systematic capillaries

Question 11

What are factors which allow for internal respiration to occur ?

Answer 11

• available surface area
• there has to be a concentration gradient
• the rate of blood flow has to be steady