Energy Systems (Paper 1/2) (Miss Kieser)

Question 1

What are the 3 energy systems ?

Answer 1

1. ATP-PC system
2. Anaerobic Glycotic System
3. Aerobic System

Question 2

Give me a summary of the ATP-PC system.

Answer 2

it lasts for less than 10 seconds. Used for quick powerful movements that produce lots of energy in a small amount of time. This energy system is mainly used for weight lifters and power lifters. Creatine is the energy source and the enzyme phosphocreatine breaks down creatine.

Question 3

What are the advantages of the ATP-PC system ?

Answer 3

1. ATP can be regenerated quickly
2. the ATP-PC system can be extended through the use of the supplement creatine.
3. PC stores can be replenished within 3 minutes

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system ?

Answer 4

1. Limited supply of PC in the body
2. 1 ATP molecule regenerated for one molecule of PC

Question 5

Give me a summary of the Anaerobic Glycolytic System.

Answer 5

it last between 10seconds to 3 minutes with it peaking at 1 minute. This energy system is mainly used for 1500m athletes. Glucose is the energy source for this system. However the anaerobic glycolytic system goes through a process called glycolysis. Firstly the process begins with glycogen being broken down into glucose. Then the glucose is broken down by a enzyme called phosphofructokinase . The glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is broken down by an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase, which then forms the by-product lactic acid.

Question 6

Give me some advantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system ?

Answer 6

1. ATP can be regenerated quickly due to few chemical reactions being needed.
2. With oxygen present, lactic acid is converted back into glycogen.
3. This energy system is useful for producing an extra burst of energy.

Question 7

Give me some disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolytic system

Answer 7

1. A by-product is formed which is lactic acid
2. only a small amount of energy is released from glycogen while under anaerobic conditions

Question 8

Give me a summary about the Aerobic System ?

Answer 8

In the Aerobic system the main production of energy is oxygen and can produce 38 molecules of ATP. It has 3 main stages. The first one is Glycolysis.
Firstly the process begins with glycogen being broken down into glucose. Then the glucose is broken down by a enzyme called phosphofructokinase . The glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is broken down to form acetol CoA. The second stage is the Krebs Cycle. Acetol CoA is broken down to produce citric acid. However the reaction produces hydrogen, carbon dioxide and 2 ATP. The final stage is the electron transport chain. The hydrogen previously produced in the krebs cycle is carried into the electron transport chain by hydrogen carriers. The hydrogen is split into hydrogen ions and electrons. The hydrogen ions are oxidised to form water as well as producing 34 ATP.

Question 9

What are some of the advantages of the Aerobic System ?

Answer 9

• more ATP is produced than in the anaerobic system
• no fatiguing by-products

Question 10

What are some disadvantages of the Aerobic System ?

Answer 10

• it can take a while for oxygen to become available
• fatty acid transportation to muscle sites are slow

Question 11

What does oxygen deficit mean ?

Answer 11

this is the amount of oxygen that the performer requires; to complete an activity aerobically

Question 12

What is oxygen debt ?

Answer 12

this is the amount of oxygen needed to return the body to a resting state

Question 13

What are the two different stages in EPOC ?

Answer 13

the alactacid stage and the lactacid stage

Question 14

Describe to me the Alactacid Stage ?

Answer 14

this is where oxygen, glucose and ATP are replenished. This process can be sped up deep breathing and eating carbohydrates.

Question 15

Describe to me the Lactacid stage ?

Answer 15

this is where lactic acid is removed. Lactic acid can be removed in 3 ways: converted back into glucose, re-entering the krebs cycle, and converting back into protein.

Question 16

What is VO2 max ?

Answer 16

this is the maximum amount of oxygen a person can use during exercise.

Question 17

What is OBLA ?

Answer 17

this is the point at which the body is unable to produce enough oxygen to break down lactate build up.

Question 18

What are some factors of Lactate Accumulation ?

Answer 18

• higher intensity leads to higher LA
• fast twitch fibres leads to higher LA
• faster rate of lactic acid removal leads to lower LA
• higher fitness levels leads to higher LA

Question 19

What does the term buffering mean ?

Answer 19

this is a process that aids the removal of lactic acid and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscles.

Question 20

What are some of the physiological changes that take place during VO2 max?

Answer 20

• increased cardiac output
• increased stroke volume
• greater heart rate range

Question 21

What are factors that affect VO2 max ?

Answer 21

• Genetics
• Training: VO2 max can be improved by up to 20% with the right training
• Age: old performers will experience a decrease in VO2 max
• Gender: men tend to have 20% higher VO2 max readings than women
• Body composition: higher body fat will lead to lower VO2 max readings
• Lifestyle: smoking and poor lifestyle choices all reduce VO2 max readings

Question 22

What is Lactate Sampling as a measurement of energy expenditure ?

Answer 22

this test measures the levels of lactic acid in a sample of your blood. This can determine exercise intensity and predicted performance.

Question 23

What is the VO2 max test as a measurement of energy expenditure ?

Answer 23

this tests the maximum consumption of oxygen during exercise, with increasing intensity.

Question 24

What is Indirect Calorimetry as a measurement of energy expenditure ?

Answer 24

this measures energy expenditure through gas exchange. The rate of oxygen production can identify the fat being used.

Question 25

What is Respiratory Exchange ratio as a measurement of energy expenditure ?

Answer 25

it is the ratio of CO2 produced compared to O2 consumed. It is used to measure exercise intensity.

Question 26

What are the 4 different specialist training methods ?

Answer 26

• Altitude Training
• HIIT Training
• Plyometric Training
• SAQ training

Question 27

What is altitude training as a specialist training method ?

Answer 27

this is training 2000m above sea level. There is less oxygen higher the altitude, therefore when an athlete returns they produce more red blood cells and it increases their oxygen capacity. However it is expensive and can cause altitude sickness.

Question 28

What is HIIT training as a specialist training method ?

Answer 28

this is training where it involves periods of high intensity followed by periods of rest. This training method is easy to do and no equipment is required. However it is repetitive and can cause boredom.

Question 29

What is plyometric training as a specialist training method ?

Answer 29

this is a form of strength training that is used to improve power or elastic strength. Weight training works on a concept where muscles will generate more strength if been previously stretched. If wrong technique is used then it can cause injury.

Question 30

What is SAQ training as a specialist training method ?

Answer 30

it is used to improve multi-directional movement through developing the neuromuscular system and through the use of speed, agility and quickness. It is useful for a games player.