Sports Psychology and Socio-Cultural Influences Flashcards
Open Skills
- Situation is always changing.
- Player has to continuously adapt to the ever changing situation.
- Sports such as football.
Closed Skills
- Takes place in a stable, predictable environment where the player knows exactly what to do and when.
- Skills aren’t affected by the environment.
- Movements have set patterns and have a clear beginning and end.
Basic Skill
- Player finds it easy to do and needs little concentration to do.
Complex Skill
- Player uses dull concentration as it is technically difficult to perform.
- These skills need to be repeated over and over so they can become easier when playing in a match or competition.
Low Organisation Skill
- Clear simple, phases/parts.
- Set shot in basketball.
- Usually break it down into separate parts to improve your technique.
High Organisation Skill
- Complicated phases/parts.
- Can’t break this down separately as they’re closely linked together.
- To complete, you need good attention to detail, co-ordination and timing and quick thinking.
Massed Practice
- Skill is practised until it is learned without being a break.
- For athletes who are fit and experienced.
Distributed Practice
- Skill is practised over several sessions or with rest breaks.
- For players with low ability, experience or fitness level.
Fixed Practice
- Skill is practised over snd over again until its perfected.
- Closed skills are normally practised in this way so that the movement sequence can be perfected.
Variable Practice
- Practising the skill in a variety of different situations so it can be adapted to different competitive situations.
- Essential for open skills.
- In football, game varies, different weather circumstances, opposition.
Intrinsic Feedback
- Comes from yourself.
Extrinsic Feedback.
- Comes from someone else.
Visual Guidance
- Coach can demonstrate how to do a drill.
- Could show a video to show them how to do something.
- Could give them a target to go and hit to help them get to the target.
Verbal Guidance
- Beginners will struggle especially if its a complex skill.
- Sometimes used before visual demonstration.
- Used at the same time as a visual demonstration to guide it.
Manual and Mechanical Guidance
- Coach is in contact with the learner as they perform the skill.
- Helps them to get the feel of the movement before they perform it on their own.
Concurrent Feedback
- Given at the same times as performance.
Terminal Feeback
- Given at the end of the game or performance so it is reflective.
Qualitative Data
Information about qualities, which is difficult to measure.
Quantitative Data
Information quantities, which can be measured.
Psychological Warm-Up Effects
- Helps and athlete get into a positive mindset.
- Helps an athlete focus.
- Helps an athlete relax.
Mental Rehearsal
- Essential to control emotional and mental state before competition.
- Essential during and after the competition.
- Useful method to help individuals manage their feelings.
Benefits of Mental Rehearsal.
- Helps to control emotion/feelings/arousal.
- Assists in making the correct decisions.
- Reduces stress levels and maintains focus.
- Make more logical/calmer decisions.
- Cope better with mental issues.
- Helps to correctly use selective attention/
Commercialisation
Making something available on the market.
Using something to make a profit.
Deviance
Behaviour that falls outside the norms or what is thought to be acceptable; goes against the moral values or laws of the sport.
Negative Deviance
Someone trying to gain advantage by breaking the rules without getting caught by the officials.
Positive Deviance
Deviance where there is no intention to cause harm or break the rules.
Sportsmanship
Qualities of fairness, following the rules, being gracious in defeat or victory.
Gamesmanship
Bending the rule/laws of a sport without actually breaking them.
Advantages of Commercialisation
More funding, wider audience, active lifestyle, awareness.
Disadvantages of Commercialisation
Higher prices, sponsors lead sport and beauty parade.
