Splint Bone and Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Which splint bone has minimal articulation and weight transfer with the tarsal bones?

A

MT4

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2
Q

Provide axial support to carpus and tarsus

A

Splint bones

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3
Q

Is the accessory carpal bone medial or lateral?

A

Lateral

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4
Q

Is MT4 medial or lateral?

A

Lateral

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5
Q

What causes closed splint bone fractures?

A

Hyperextension of the fetlock

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6
Q

What causes open splint bone fractures?

A

External trauma

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7
Q

What may cause persistent lameness assoc. w/splint bone fractures?

A

Suspensory desmitis

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8
Q

How do you treat a proximal splint bone fracture?

A

Remove loose fragments and internal fixation

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9
Q

How much of a residual distal splint bone can you remove?

A

Less than 2/3

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10
Q

If you remove more than 2/3 of the distal splint bone, what other stabilization do you need?

A

Internal fixation of proximal fragment

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11
Q

What soft tissue is most commonly injured along with splint bones?

A

Suspensory ligament

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12
Q

When plating a splint bone fracture, why should you not engage MC3 with the plate?

A

Micomotion will cause persistent lameness

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13
Q

If you do have to engage MC3 with a plate, when must the plate be removed?

A

3-4mo later

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14
Q

Occurs in MC2 of young horses d/t direct trauma or ligamenous inflammation

A

Splint exostosis

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of splint exostosis?

A

One forelimb hits the inside of the other leg

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16
Q

How can you reduce inflammation at a splint exostosis site?

A

Local DMSO, infiltration w/steroids

17
Q

How do you surgically treat exostosis?

A

Linear incision over site w/en bloc removal

18
Q

There are no muscles or neurovascular structures directly over the splint bone between which landmarks?

A

Middle of splint bone to button

19
Q

What are the 3 places to get a pulse on a horse?

A

Facial, transverse facial, and dorsal metatarsal artery

20
Q

Where does the dorsal metatarsal artery run?

A

Between MT3 and MT4

21
Q

Caused by bucked shins, dorsal metacarpal disease, or stress fractures

A

Periostitis and fracture of dorsal MC

22
Q

Usually occurs in 3yr olds w/bucked shins as 2yr olds

A

Stress fractures

23
Q

How can you prevent bucked shins with exercise modification?

A

Regular short distance breezing and less long distance galloping

24
Q

What is the best treatment for a stress fracture?

A

Osteostixis w/screw

25
Q

When should an osteostixis screw be removed?

A

60d post-op

26
Q

How far apart are osteostixis holes?

A

10mm

27
Q

What is the px for bucked shins for return to racing?

A

Good

28
Q

What are the 6 types of proximal sesamoid bone fractures?

A

1: apical
2: mid-body
3: basal
4: abaxial
5: sagittal (axial)
6: comminuted

29
Q

What causes a proximal sesamoid bone fracture?

A

Excessive tension from SL, trauma

30
Q

What type of proximal sesamoid bone fracture is the most common?

A

Apical

31
Q

What breeds are most commonly diagnosed w/proximal sesamoid bone fractures?

A

Racing breeds

32
Q

How do you treat an apical (type 1) sesamoid fracture?

A

Arthroscopic removal or internal fixation if large

33
Q

How do you treat a mid-body (type 2) sesamoid fracture?

A

Internal fixation w/lag screw or circumferential cerclage wire

34
Q

Which breeds is cerclage wire used for mid-body sesamoid fractures?

A

Standardbred

35
Q

Which internal fixation method is more superior for mid-body sesamoid fracture treatment?

A

Arthroscopic screw fixation

36
Q

What radiographic view do you need for dx of abaxial (type 4) sesamoid fractures?

A

60* skyline view

37
Q

How do you treat an abaxial sesamoid fracture?

A

Athroscopic removal if intra-articular, otherwise conservative management

38
Q

Which type of sesamoid fracture involves origin of all distal sesamoidean ligaments and therefore carries a poor prognosis

A

Basilar (type 3) sesamoid fractures