Hernias Flashcards
What are the 3 portions of a hernia?
Ring, sac, contents
What are the 3 categories of hernias?
Reducible, incarcerated, strangulated
Opening through a normal aperature, containing a complete perioneal sac
True hernia
Are indirect hernias true or false hernias?
True
Does not contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry
False hernia
Are direct hernias true or false hernias?
False
Intestinal contents within the inguinal canal
Inguinal hernia
Intestinal contents within the scrotum
Scrotal hernia
What intenstinal segments are most commonly herniated?
Distal jejunum and ileum
Which inguinal ring is the determining factor for inguinal hernias?
Internal
Which breed has an increased risk for eventration after open castration and how can you reduce this risk?
Standardbreds, ligate cord
Most common inguinal hernia in horses
Indirect/true inguinal hernia
What causes an inguinal hernia to rupture?
Indirect hernia + increased pressure
What is the difference between a ruptured inguinal hernia and an inguinal rupture?
Ruptured hernia has intestine sitting in the SQ space
All stallions with this clinical sign should be checked for inguinal hernias
Colic
How will a testicle feel on palpation if an inguinal hernia is present and why?
Cool d/t vacular compromise
When will a congenital inguinal hernia usually spontaneously resolve by?
3-6mo
ADR for the first 2d after birth and intermittent colic can be signs of what?
Ruptured inguinal hernia
When do most ruptured inguinal hernias occur in foals?
4-48h after birth
Describe a typical adult inguinal hernia
Acquired, non-reducible, painful
Describe a typical foal inguinal hernia
Congenital, reducible, non-painful
When do you intervene for a congenital inguinal hernia?
Doesn’t resolve, elnargement, rent in vaginal sac
What type of inguinal hernia is a surgical emergency?
Acquired, non-reducible, or inguinal rupture
What is the survival rate of an inguinal hernia?
76%
Are inguinal hernias heritable in horses?
No proof
What sx approach do you use for a congenital inguinal hernia?
Inguinal approach
Forces intestines back into abdomen w/minimal manipulation of the tissues
Twisting testicle and tunic
How do you castrate a congenital inguinal hernia?
Closed castration w/transfixation ligature
This age of horse requires GA for laparoscopic management of an inguinal hernia
Foals
What sx approach do you use for an acquired inguinal herniorrhaphy?
Inguinal region and ventral abdomen
Where do you make your incision for treatment of an acquired inguinal heriorrhaphy?
Over superficial inguinal ring
How much time must a horse take off after an acquired inguinal heriorrhaphy?
4 months
How do you prevent reherniation?
Ligate spermatic cord during castration
Are indirect inguinal hernias more common on the R or L side of a bull?
Left
Are beef or dairy cows more commonly presented w/indirect inguinal hernias?
Beef (esp herefords)
Are indirect inguinal hernias in cows usually strangulated like they are in a horse?
No
This type of inguinal hernia does not have a side predilection in cows and causes them to lose their “hourglass” appearance
Direct inguinal hernia
Which type of hernia in a cow usually involves bowel incarceration?
Direct inguinal hernia
If you’re going to repair a congenital inguinal hernia in a cow what else do you have to do?
Bilateral castration
Are inguinal hernias heritable in cows?
yes
What is the most common type of hernia in a horse?
Umbilical
Are most umbilical hernias congenital or acquired?
Congenital
Umbilical hernia where ileum adheres to the umbilical site
Parietal (Richter) hernia
What causes an enterocutaneous fistula via pressure necrosis?
Parietal (Richter) hernia
If an umbilical hernia has a firm thickened hernia ring, what is the px for repair?
Good
What viscera is most commonly herniated in a foal umbilical hernia?
Ileum or small intestine
When can you use conservative treatment of an umbilical hernia?
<5cm diameter and reducible
When do you surgically treat an umbilical hernia?
Not spontaneously resolving by 4mo, >10cm diameter
Can you use a hernia clamp in foals?
NO
Where do you make your elliptical incision around the hernia?
1cm peripheral to herial ring
Hernial sac inverted and hernia repaired
Closed herniorraphy
Incise hernial sac, replace contents, close body wall
Open herniorrahpy
Which herniorraphy technique is preferred for umbilical hernias?
Open
What is a post-herniorraphy abd support bandage used for?
Reduce edema, decrease dead space
What is the most commonly herniated organ in umbilical hernias in calves?
Abomasum
What is the most common birth defect in cattle?
Uncomplicated umbilical hernia
Are dairy or beef cattle more commonly affected by umbilical hernias?
Dairy (Holstein)
When can you use conservative treatment of an umbilical hernia in a cow?
<5cm
When should you surgically fix an umbilical hernia in a cow and what technique do you use?
> 5cm, open heriorrhaphy
Is a post-op umbilical infection more common in calves or foals?
Calves
Are post-herniorrhaphy complications more common in cows or horses?
Cows (b/c cows more commonly have concurrent infections)
