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LA Sx Final > Hernias > Flashcards

Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 portions of a hernia?

A

Ring, sac, contents

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2
Q

What are the 3 categories of hernias?

A

Reducible, incarcerated, strangulated

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3
Q

Opening through a normal aperature, containing a complete perioneal sac

A

True hernia

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4
Q

Are indirect hernias true or false hernias?

A

True

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5
Q

Does not contain a complete peritoneal sac, usually created by trauma or after breakdown of surgical entry

A

False hernia

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6
Q

Are direct hernias true or false hernias?

A

False

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7
Q

Intestinal contents within the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal hernia

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8
Q

Intestinal contents within the scrotum

A

Scrotal hernia

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9
Q

What intenstinal segments are most commonly herniated?

A

Distal jejunum and ileum

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10
Q

Which inguinal ring is the determining factor for inguinal hernias?

A

Internal

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11
Q

Which breed has an increased risk for eventration after open castration and how can you reduce this risk?

A

Standardbreds, ligate cord

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12
Q

Most common inguinal hernia in horses

A

Indirect/true inguinal hernia

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13
Q

What causes an inguinal hernia to rupture?

A

Indirect hernia + increased pressure

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14
Q

What is the difference between a ruptured inguinal hernia and an inguinal rupture?

A

Ruptured hernia has intestine sitting in the SQ space

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15
Q

All stallions with this clinical sign should be checked for inguinal hernias

A

Colic

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16
Q

How will a testicle feel on palpation if an inguinal hernia is present and why?

A

Cool d/t vacular compromise

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17
Q

When will a congenital inguinal hernia usually spontaneously resolve by?

A

3-6mo

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18
Q

ADR for the first 2d after birth and intermittent colic can be signs of what?

A

Ruptured inguinal hernia

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19
Q

When do most ruptured inguinal hernias occur in foals?

A

4-48h after birth

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20
Q

Describe a typical adult inguinal hernia

A

Acquired, non-reducible, painful

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21
Q

Describe a typical foal inguinal hernia

A

Congenital, reducible, non-painful

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22
Q

When do you intervene for a congenital inguinal hernia?

A

Doesn’t resolve, elnargement, rent in vaginal sac

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23
Q

What type of inguinal hernia is a surgical emergency?

A

Acquired, non-reducible, or inguinal rupture

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24
Q

What is the survival rate of an inguinal hernia?

A

76%

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25
Q

Are inguinal hernias heritable in horses?

A

No proof

26
Q

What sx approach do you use for a congenital inguinal hernia?

A

Inguinal approach

27
Q

Forces intestines back into abdomen w/minimal manipulation of the tissues

A

Twisting testicle and tunic

28
Q

How do you castrate a congenital inguinal hernia?

A

Closed castration w/transfixation ligature

29
Q

This age of horse requires GA for laparoscopic management of an inguinal hernia

A

Foals

30
Q

What sx approach do you use for an acquired inguinal herniorrhaphy?

A

Inguinal region and ventral abdomen

31
Q

Where do you make your incision for treatment of an acquired inguinal heriorrhaphy?

A

Over superficial inguinal ring

32
Q

How much time must a horse take off after an acquired inguinal heriorrhaphy?

A

4 months

33
Q

How do you prevent reherniation?

A

Ligate spermatic cord during castration

34
Q

Are indirect inguinal hernias more common on the R or L side of a bull?

A

Left

35
Q

Are beef or dairy cows more commonly presented w/indirect inguinal hernias?

A

Beef (esp herefords)

36
Q

Are indirect inguinal hernias in cows usually strangulated like they are in a horse?

A

No

37
Q

This type of inguinal hernia does not have a side predilection in cows and causes them to lose their “hourglass” appearance

A

Direct inguinal hernia

38
Q

Which type of hernia in a cow usually involves bowel incarceration?

A

Direct inguinal hernia

39
Q

If you’re going to repair a congenital inguinal hernia in a cow what else do you have to do?

A

Bilateral castration

40
Q

Are inguinal hernias heritable in cows?

A

yes

41
Q

What is the most common type of hernia in a horse?

A

Umbilical

42
Q

Are most umbilical hernias congenital or acquired?

A

Congenital

43
Q

Umbilical hernia where ileum adheres to the umbilical site

A

Parietal (Richter) hernia

44
Q

What causes an enterocutaneous fistula via pressure necrosis?

A

Parietal (Richter) hernia

45
Q

If an umbilical hernia has a firm thickened hernia ring, what is the px for repair?

A

Good

46
Q

What viscera is most commonly herniated in a foal umbilical hernia?

A

Ileum or small intestine

47
Q

When can you use conservative treatment of an umbilical hernia?

A

<5cm diameter and reducible

48
Q

When do you surgically treat an umbilical hernia?

A

Not spontaneously resolving by 4mo, >10cm diameter

49
Q

Can you use a hernia clamp in foals?

A

NO

50
Q

Where do you make your elliptical incision around the hernia?

A

1cm peripheral to herial ring

51
Q

Hernial sac inverted and hernia repaired

A

Closed herniorraphy

52
Q

Incise hernial sac, replace contents, close body wall

A

Open herniorrahpy

53
Q

Which herniorraphy technique is preferred for umbilical hernias?

A

Open

54
Q

What is a post-herniorraphy abd support bandage used for?

A

Reduce edema, decrease dead space

55
Q

What is the most commonly herniated organ in umbilical hernias in calves?

A

Abomasum

56
Q

What is the most common birth defect in cattle?

A

Uncomplicated umbilical hernia

57
Q

Are dairy or beef cattle more commonly affected by umbilical hernias?

A

Dairy (Holstein)

58
Q

When can you use conservative treatment of an umbilical hernia in a cow?

A

<5cm

59
Q

When should you surgically fix an umbilical hernia in a cow and what technique do you use?

A

> 5cm, open heriorrhaphy

60
Q

Is a post-op umbilical infection more common in calves or foals?

A

Calves

61
Q

Are post-herniorrhaphy complications more common in cows or horses?

A

Cows (b/c cows more commonly have concurrent infections)

LA Sx Final (20 decks)

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