C-Section Flashcards
This drug induces uterine contractions in cattle
Xylazine
What infiltration anesthesia can you use for C-sections?
Line block, inverted L block
What does a paravertebral nerve block block?
T13, L1, L2
What is the toxic dose of lidocaine?
5-10mg/kg
Which ruminant is most sensitive to lidcaine?
Goats - dilute to 1%
What is a disadvantage of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?
Scoliosis, ataxia if lidocaine migrates to L3
What is a disadvantage of a distal paravertebral nerve block?
Variable position of nerve = potential failure of block
Why do you exteriorize the uterus when performing a C-section?
Minimizes contamination of peritoneal cavity
What might prevent uterus exteriorization?
Large/emphysematous fetus, large cow
What is the standard c-section approach in cattle?
Standing L flank celiotomy
When is a R flank celiotomy helpful for a c-section?
If calf is in R horn w/limbs toward R side
When is a standing celiotomy contraindicated?
Unsteady/weak cow, large fetus
What is a potential complication of a standing celiotomy?
Permanent anesthesia of ventral body wall
This c-section approach is used for fractious cattle or recumbent cattle
Ventral midline celiotomy
What is a risk of a ventral midline celiotomy d/t the tilted position of the cow?
CV compromise
How long is a ventral midline celiotomy incision?
40cm starting cranial to udder
Used for beef breeds 1st calf heifers
Ventral midline celiotomy
What is the holding layer of the body wall after a ventral midline celiotomy?
Linea alba
When is a ventral midline celiotomy contraindicated?
Dairy cows
What position should the cow be in for a ventrolateral celiotomy?
R lateral recumbency w/abduction of upper limb
Which approach has more tension on muscles upon c-section closure?
Ventrolateral celiotomy
Why is there a higher risk of hemorrhage with a ventrolateral approach?
Long incision in highly vascular, dependent area
What is the best c-section approach for an emphysematous fetus?
Ventrolateral celiotomy
How do you close the uterus in a cow?
I layer continuous inverting or double layer SC + inverting
What is the main indication for a 2-layer uterus closure in a cow?
Dead calf
What suture pattern is assoc. w/better post-op fertility in cattle?
Utrecht
What is the calf survival rate of a c-section? Cow survival rate?
Calf: 60%
Cow: 80%
What are complications of c-section?
Peritonitis, metritis, adhesions
What is an indication for c-secion in small ruminants unrelated to size or position of fetus?
Pregnancy ketosis
Why should you not remove the placenta from a horse during c-section?
Still attached to mom –> hemorrhage
Are horses or cows more prone to uterine bleeding?
Horses
What suture pattern can you use in horses to decrease risk of post-op bleeding?
Whip-stitch
How do you close the uterus in a mare?
Simple continuous + inverting pattern
What drug do you give a mare following uterine closure?
Oxytocin IV
What additional step must you take when doing a c-section in a mare?
Abd exploration
What is the survival rate of a c-sectioned foal? Mare?
Mare: 80%
Foal: 35%
How is fertility of a mare affected by a c-section?
Decreased
How is fertility of a cow affected by a c-section?
None
