C-Section

Question 1

This drug induces uterine contractions in cattle

Answer 1

Xylazine

Question 2

What infiltration anesthesia can you use for C-sections?

Answer 2

Line block, inverted L block

Question 3

What does a paravertebral nerve block block?

Answer 3

T13, L1, L2

Question 4

What is the toxic dose of lidocaine?

Answer 4

5-10mg/kg

Question 5

Which ruminant is most sensitive to lidcaine?

Answer 5

Goats - dilute to 1%

Question 6

What is a disadvantage of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 6

Scoliosis, ataxia if lidocaine migrates to L3

Question 7

What is a disadvantage of a distal paravertebral nerve block?

Answer 7

Variable position of nerve = potential failure of block

Question 8

Why do you exteriorize the uterus when performing a C-section?

Answer 8

Minimizes contamination of peritoneal cavity

Question 9

What might prevent uterus exteriorization?

Answer 9

Large/emphysematous fetus, large cow

Question 10

What is the standard c-section approach in cattle?

Answer 10

Standing L flank celiotomy

Question 11

When is a R flank celiotomy helpful for a c-section?

Answer 11

If calf is in R horn w/limbs toward R side

Question 12

When is a standing celiotomy contraindicated?

Answer 12

Unsteady/weak cow, large fetus

Question 13

What is a potential complication of a standing celiotomy?

Answer 13

Permanent anesthesia of ventral body wall

Question 14

This c-section approach is used for fractious cattle or recumbent cattle

Answer 14

Ventral midline celiotomy

Question 15

What is a risk of a ventral midline celiotomy d/t the tilted position of the cow?

Answer 15

CV compromise

Question 16

How long is a ventral midline celiotomy incision?

Answer 16

40cm starting cranial to udder

Question 17

Used for beef breeds 1st calf heifers

Answer 17

Ventral midline celiotomy

Question 18

What is the holding layer of the body wall after a ventral midline celiotomy?

Answer 18

Linea alba

Question 19

When is a ventral midline celiotomy contraindicated?

Answer 19

Dairy cows

Question 20

What position should the cow be in for a ventrolateral celiotomy?

Answer 20

R lateral recumbency w/abduction of upper limb

Question 21

Which approach has more tension on muscles upon c-section closure?

Answer 21

Ventrolateral celiotomy

Question 22

Why is there a higher risk of hemorrhage with a ventrolateral approach?

Answer 22

Long incision in highly vascular, dependent area

Question 23

What is the best c-section approach for an emphysematous fetus?

Answer 23

Ventrolateral celiotomy

Question 24

How do you close the uterus in a cow?

Answer 24

I layer continuous inverting or double layer SC + inverting

Question 25

What is the main indication for a 2-layer uterus closure in a cow?

Answer 25

Dead calf

Question 26

What suture pattern is assoc. w/better post-op fertility in cattle?

Answer 26

Utrecht

Question 27

What is the calf survival rate of a c-section? Cow survival rate?

Answer 27

Calf: 60% Cow: 80%

Question 28

What are complications of c-section?

Answer 28

Peritonitis, metritis, adhesions

Question 29

What is an indication for c-secion in small ruminants unrelated to size or position of fetus?

Answer 29

Pregnancy ketosis

Question 30

Why should you not remove the placenta from a horse during c-section?

Answer 30

Still attached to mom --> hemorrhage

Question 31

Are horses or cows more prone to uterine bleeding?

Answer 31

Horses

Question 32

What suture pattern can you use in horses to decrease risk of post-op bleeding?

Answer 32

Whip-stitch

Question 33

How do you close the uterus in a mare?

Answer 33

Simple continuous + inverting pattern

Question 34

What drug do you give a mare following uterine closure?

Answer 34

Oxytocin IV

Question 35

What additional step must you take when doing a c-section in a mare?

Answer 35

Abd exploration

Question 36

What is the survival rate of a c-sectioned foal? Mare?

Answer 36

Mare: 80% Foal: 35%

Question 37

How is fertility of a mare affected by a c-section?

Answer 37

Decreased

Question 38

How is fertility of a cow affected by a c-section?

Answer 38

None