Esophagus and Rumen Sx Disorders

Question 1

Where do problems/obstructions in the esophagus usually occur?

Answer 1

Entrance to esophagus, thoracic inlet, and where esophagus passes through diaphragm

Question 2

What is the most resistant layer of the esophagus?

Answer 2

Mucosa

Question 3

When the lumen of the esophagus is constricted, how are its muscles working?

Answer 3

Longitudinal mm is relaxed

Circular mm is contracted

Question 4

When the lumen of the esophagus is dilated, how are its muscles working?

Answer 4

Longitudinal mm is contracted

Circular mm is relaxed

Question 5

What buffer does saliva contain?

Answer 5

Bicarb and phosphate

Question 6

How much saliva do adult cows secrete per day?

Answer 6

100-200L

Question 7

What causes choke?

Answer 7

FB/food obstruction in esophagus

Question 8

Bloat, type I vagal indigestion, salivation, protruding tongue are signs of what?

Answer 8

Choke

Question 9

Failure of eructation: gaseous distention of the rumen

Answer 9

Type I vagal indigestion

Question 10

Failure of omasal transport: gaseous distention of reticulo-rumen

Answer 10

Type 2 vagal indigestion

Question 11

Failure of abomsal outflow

Answer 11

Type 3 vagal indigestion

Question 12

What are ddx of choke?

Answer 12

Pharyngeal trauma, rabies

Question 13

What metabolic complications result from choke?

Answer 13

Acidosis

Question 14

What surgical treatment do you do for choke?

Answer 14

Esophagotomy

Question 15

What does initial treatment of choke consist of?

Answer 15

Decompress rumen

Question 16

What tool do you use to decompress the rumen of a cow?

Answer 16

Red devil trocar

Question 17

How should a cervical esophagotomy be closed?

Answer 17

Primary intention if possible

Question 18

What layers do you close an esophagotomy in?

Answer 18

Muscular layer

Mucosa/submucosa layer

Question 19

If the esophagus has been compromised, what salvage procedure can you do?

Answer 19

Esophagostomy

Question 20

How long does it take for a stoma to form?

Answer 20

7-10d

Question 21

How does an esophagostomy stoma heal?

Answer 21

2nd intention

Question 22

Used for immediate relief of chronic bloat and direct feeding into the rumen

Answer 22

Temporary rumen fistula

Question 23

What are the two celiotomy techniques?

Answer 23

Grid and modified grid

Question 24

How do you do a modified grid celiotomy?

Answer 24

Incise EAO muscle and split IAO/TA muscles

Question 25

What approach do you use for a rumenotomy?

Answer 25

L flank

Question 26

Used for exteriorizaiton of the rumen

Answer 26

Rumen board

Question 27

What is the px of a rumenotomy for a FB that does not penetrate the thoracic cavity or involve R side of reticulum?

Answer 27

Good

Question 28

What is the px of a rumenotomy for a FB that involves the R side of the reticulum?

Answer 28

Guarded

Question 29

What is the px for a rumenotomy for a FB that has penetrated the diaphragm?

Answer 29

Poor

Question 30

Tachycardia w/muffled heart sounds

Answer 30

Traumatic reticuopericarditis

Question 31

Washing machine murmur

Answer 31

Traumatic reticulopericarditis

Question 32

Causes GI issues and R-sided heart failure

Answer 32

Traumatic reticulopericarditis

Question 33

How do you treat a traumatic reticulopericarditis?

Answer 33

Pericardectomy, FB removal, rib resection

Question 34

What do TRP cows usually die from?

Answer 34

Constrictive pericarditis