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LA Sx Final > Long Bone Fractures 1 > Flashcards

Long Bone Fractures 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When must horses be ambulatory and fully weight-bearing post-internal plating of a bone fracture for a more favorable prognosis?

A

Immediately

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2
Q

How is prognosis affected by articular involvement?

A

Decreases

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3
Q

Where does a lateral condylar fracture of MC3 usually originate and which direction does it propagate?

A

Distal end, propagates abaxially up the bone

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4
Q

What radiographic view is required to evaluate joint involvement of a lateral condylar MC3 fractures

A

Tangential view

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5
Q

Which aspect of the bone does a tangential view highlight and what can it show you?

A

Palmar aspect highlights comminution at joint surface

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6
Q

What % of condylar fractures in young racehorses are lateral?

A

85%

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7
Q

Is MC3 or MT3 more commonly fractured in thoroughbreds?

A

MC3 2x more common than MT3

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8
Q

Is MC3 or MT3 more commonly fractured in standardbreds?

A

They’re about equal

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9
Q

What contributes to a cannon bone condylar fracture?

A

High compressive load = osseous sclerosis

Microtrauma = microfracture

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10
Q

History of lameness w/acute exacerbation

A

Non-displaced incomplete fracture

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11
Q

Acute onset of severe lameness after intense exercise, effusion, pain of fetlock

A

Acute displaced fracture

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12
Q

What first aid measurements can you do for a cannon bone condylar fracture?

A

Compression bandage, NSAIDs, absolute stall rest til sx

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13
Q

How big are the lag screws used to stabilize a cannon bone condylar fracture, how many are used, and how far apart are they placed?

A

Two 4.5mm/5.5mm screws placed 20mm apart

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14
Q

Why is the first screw placed close to the joint?

A

Align joint surface first

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15
Q

What is the px for repair of a non-displaced/incomplete cannon bone condylar fracture?

A

Favorable (70-80%)

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16
Q

What is the px for repair of a displaced cannon bone condylar fracture?

A

50%

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17
Q

What is the most common long bone fracture in horses?

A

Cannon bone diaphyseal fracture

18
Q

What does the px of a diaphyseal cannon bone fracture depend on?

A

First aid

19
Q

How do you surgically repair a diaphyseal cannon bone fracture?

A

Double plate fixation on tension side of bone

20
Q

How do you repair a comminuted diaphyseal cannon bone fracture?

A

Transform the fracture into 2 segments

21
Q

What is the max amount of fracture compression you can do for a comminuted diaphyseal cannon bone fracture?

A

4mm (2mm on either side of fracture)

22
Q

Continuity of bending stiffness and improved blood supply under this plate

A

Limited contact - dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP)

23
Q

A 5.5mm one of this kind of plate has been specifically designed for equine fracture repair

A

Locking compression plate (LCP)

24
Q

What are functions of a plate?

A

Compression, neutralization

25
Q

What plate technique is used to bridge area of bone defect, but unlikely to work if used in horses?

A

Buttressing

26
Q

Transforms tensile forces into compressive forces

A

Tension band

27
Q

Adaptable plate for different fixation needs, grooved undersurface, uniform stiffness

A

LC-DCP

28
Q

How do locking screws have to be placed to work correctly?

A

Orthogonally

29
Q

What plate has combi-holes to permit conventional or locking screw placement?

A

LCP

30
Q

Which screws increase stability and the fixation strength of the plate screw construct?

A

Locking screws

31
Q

Where do the triceps muscles insert?

A

Olecranon

32
Q

What is the most common cause of ulnar fractures?

A

Direct trauma

33
Q

How will a fractured ulna present?

A

Dropped elbow w/carpus flexion

34
Q

How do you splint an ulnar fracture and why?

A

Fix carpus in extension to maintain stay apparatus

35
Q

Which side of the limb do you place a splint on for an ulnar fracture?

A

Palmar

36
Q

What is the treatment of choice for an olecranon fracture?

A

ORIF

37
Q

Bone plate contoured to fit over the top of the oleranon tuberosity

A

ORIF

38
Q

Why should your ORIF repair not engage the radius in young animals?

A

Could risk damage and subluxation of elbow

39
Q

How can you repair a SH type 1 fracture of the olectranon in a <250kg patient? >250kg?

A 
<250kg = tension band (screws and wires)
>250kg = must apply plate
40
Q

What is the px for an ulnar fracture repaired with ORIF?

A

Good (68-87%)

LA Sx Final (20 decks)

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