Spine Test Flashcards
how many total vertebrae are in the spine
33`
how many cervical vertebrae
7
how many lumbar vertebrae
5
how many sacral vertebrae
5
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
how many vertebrae make up the coccyx
4
what are 2 functions of the spine
- protect spinal cord
- supports body weight
what is the c1 called
atlas
what is the c2 called
axis
how do you know where the c7 is
can easily be seen and felt at the back of neck
which part of the spine is most mobile
cervical
which part of the spine is least mobile
Thoracic
what structure goes inside the vertebral foramen
spinal cord
what is the inside of the disc made up of
- nucleus pulposis
what is the function of the disc
- shock absorbers
what happens to the disc over time or throughout the day
Dehydrated
Flattens
how do you most often break your neck
football- lineman
how do you treat a cervial fracture on the field
spine boarding
Hold c spine
what symptoms do you have with a spinal cord shock
- extreme pain
- numbness
- weakness
what do you feel with sciatica
tingling/ numbness
what are 2 ways to keep good spine health
- stretching in the morning
- work out
what is anterior curvature of the spine
lordosis
what is posterior curvature of the spine
kyphosis
what is lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
c1-2
nodding
c3
ear to shoulder
c4
shoulder shrugs
c5
arm abduction
c6
elbow flexion/ wrist extension
c7
elbow extension/ wrist flexion
c8
thumb extension/ ulnar deviation
t1
finger abduction/ adduction
L1-2
hip flexion
L3
knee extension
L4
ankle dorsiflexion
L5
great toe extension
S1
ankle plantar flexion or standing toe raise
S2
knee flexion
what are 2 special tests for cervical spine pathology
what are positive signs for the tests
- spurlings
- cervial compression
- positive if pain
test for facet joint injury
- spring test
test for spondy
- stork standing
2 special tests for an SI joint injury / positive signs
- SI compression/ distraction test
- FABER test
- pain
FABER
- Flexion
- abduction
- external rotation
list 5 symptoms of neck fracture
- tenderness
- restricted movement
- muscle spasms
- numbness
- weakness
mechanism for brachial plexus stretch
excessive stretching of neck
most common back injury in athletics/ why
muscle strains/ improper body mechanics
4 stages of disc herniations (minor to extreme)
- degeneration
- bulge/ prolapse
- extrusion
- herniation/ sequestration
mechanism for facet joint dysfunction
- extension
- rotation
spondy
scotty dog fracture/ decapitated scotty dog fracture
spine in order
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx