Quarter 3 Final Flashcards
Which bone is the most weight-bearing bone of the ankle
Talus
What is the most commonly sprained Lateral Ankle Ligament?
ATFL
What are the medial ankle ligaments called
PTF
What motion or action does the Tibialis Anterior perform on the foot?
Dorsiflexion
What are two muscles of the calf?
Gastrocnemius/ Soleus
What motion or action do the Gastrocnemius and Soleus perform on the foot?
Plantar Flexion
What motion or action does the Extensor Hallicus Longus/ Brevis perform?
Extends the hallux
What motion or action does the Flexor Digitorum perform?
Flexes Digits
Can orthotics fix your gait or walking mechanics to help you avoid injuries
yes
How many bones are in the foot/ankle
26
What is the first toe/ big toe called
Hallux
What metatarsal is most commonly fractured?
fifth
Which bone is the main weight bearing of the lower leg?
Tibia
How many Tarsals are there
7
What is a sprained hallux called
Turf Toe
What is a Jones fracture
a break between the base and middle part of the fifth metatarsal/ caused by forced inversion
Which direction does your ankle have to go to suffer a medial ankle sprain
eversion
Which direction does your ankle have to go to suffer a lateral ankle sprain
inversion
what is the proper treatment for a 1st-degree ankle sprain
RICE
what is the proper treatment for a 3rd-degree ankle sprain
RICE/ Crutches
Different types of footprints
- normal
- rigid
- flat
Plantar Flexion
heels up, standing on toes
Dorsiflexion
heels down, toes up
What are the 2 special tests for the ankle
- Anterior drawer test
2. Talar tilt
Pez planus
flat foot
Pez Cavus
high arch
What type of joint is the knee joint
hinge
What are the two main movements of the knee
flexion/ extension
what are the 4 ligaments of the knee
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents anterior translation of tibia
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Prevents posterior translation of tibia
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Prevents varus stress of the knee
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Prevents valgus stress of the knee
What are the 4 bones of the knee
- femur
- patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
What is the function of the meniscus in the knee
to absorb shock
What kind of bone is the patella
sesamoid (floating)
What is the function of the quadriceps
extension
What is the function of the hamstrings
flexion
What sensation is almost always associated with an ACL tear
pop
A valgus force causes an injury to which ligament
MCL
A varus force causes an injury to which ligament
LCL
Falling on a bent knee tends to cause an injury to which ligament
PCL
Which direction does the patella tend to dislocate
laterally
What are the 3 bursa sacs in order
- Suprapatellar Bursa
- Prepatellar Bursa
- Infrapatellar Bursa
Chondromalacia
damage to the cartilage under the patella
What is a common injury to the IT band
IT band friction syndrome
What is the mechanism to tear an ACL
plant and twist
what are the three grafts used in an ACL surgery
- patellar tendon (autograft0
- hamstring (semitendinosus/gracillis)
- cadaver (allograft)
What ligament is the least likely to injure in the knee
PCL
What is a mechanism to injure your PCL
fall on bent knee
what is the difference between grade 1,2,3 sprain
1- ligament fibers stretched
2- partial tear
3- full tear
What is the longest muscle in the body
sartorius muscle
Where are the thenar and hypothenar eminence located
inside the hand
how many phalanges are there in one hand
14
what finer is usually injured when you have a jersey finger
4th or 5th
what are 3 of the most often injured bones in the hand and wrist
Scaphoid, Radius, Ulna
how can you tell if you have a boxer’s fracture
knuckles drop
what is injured with gamekeepers thumb
UCL
3 finger injuries
- gamekeepers thumb
- jersey finger
- degloving injury
what is the most commonly fractured bone in the wrist
scaphoid
what are the three groups of bones in the hand
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
what is a colles fracture
involves the distal end of radius
what is a subungal hematoma
bruise under the nail; drain with needle
2 wrist injuries
wrist tendonitis
wrist sprain
how many carpals are in your wrist
8
what is a degloving injury
jewelry gets caught and tears off finger
how many metacarpals are there in your hand
5
how do you break your scaphoid
fall on hyper-extended hand
how do you treat mallet finger
splint into extension
what is a boxers fracture
metacarpal fracture
movements of the wrist
extension/flexion
mallet finger
avulsion of extensor tendon, finger stuck in flexion
boutinierre deformity
rupture of extensor tendon; DIP forced into extension, PIP forced into flexion
ganglion cyst
cyst in wrist
which bone is on the thumb side
radius
which bone is on the pinky side
ulna
ratio of compressions to breaths for single-rescuer adult CPR
30-2
ratio of compressions to breaths for 2-person infant CPR
15-2
what is the proper compression technique for 2-person infant CPR
thumb interlock
first thing you do when using an AED
turn it on
What is the rate of compressions during CPR
to the song staying alive
what are the two surgical options for a meniscus tear
cut out
stitch/tack
common sign/symptom of a meniscus tear
locking
for a dislocation what do you always check
distal pulse
treatment for bursitis
RICE
another name for IT band friction syndrom
Runners knee
arches of the foot
)-medial
(- lateral
^ - metatarsal
_ -transverse
how to treat morning pain for plantar fascitis
stretch foot muscle by wearing special shoe at night
2 common places for avulsion fractures in foot
- metatarsals
- talus
