Final S2 Flashcards
What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow?
- Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL)
- Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL)
- Annular Ligament
What is the tissue in-between the radius and ulna called?
- Interosseous Tissue
What are the 2 muscles of the upper arm that act on the elbow?
- Biceps Brachii
- Triceps Brachii
What are the 2 muscle groups of the forearm that act on the wrist?
- wrist flexors
- extensors
What is Medial Epicondylitis also known as?
- Little league elbow
What is Lateral Epicondylitis also known as?
- Tennis elbow
What the 2 ligaments that get sprained in the elbow?
- Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL)
- Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL)/ Most Common
What are the 4 bones of the shoulder joint?
- Humerus
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Sternum
What are the 4 joints of the shoulder girdle?
- Sternoclavicular (SC)
- Acromioclavicular (AC)
- Glenohumeral
- Scapulothoracic
What are the 4 muscles of the Rotator Cuff?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
What are the 6 movements of the shoulder?
- Flexion
- Extension
- External Rotation
- Internal Rotation
- Adduction
- Abduction
How do you tend to separate the AC joint?
- falling on lateral tip of shoulder
Which joint is not a true joint in the shoulder?
- Scapulothoracic
Which joint can you dislocate in the shoulder?
- Glenohumeral
What injury is a bump in the biceps?
Biceps Rupture
What are the 6 parts of the Scapula (labeling)
- Spine of Scapula
- Acromion (tip of shoulder)
- glenohumeral joint
- Lateral border
- medial border
- inferior angle (on the bottom)
What are the 4 stages of a disc herniation? (least severe to most severe)
- Degeneration
- Prolapse
- Extrusion
- Herniation
What is the mechanism of injury for a facet joint dysfunction?
- trauma
spine in order
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx
Three types of Vertebrae
- Cervical (Cherry)
- Thoracic (Strawberry)
- Lumbar (Chicken)
Cranial Nerves
- Olfactory: ask to smell perfume, tuft skin, ammonia, etc.
- Optic: ask to see scoreboard, see cars in distance.
- Oculomotor: PEARL.
- Trochlear: roll eyes, follow finger in and out.
- Trigeminal: bite down, clench jaw, sensation in cheeks.
- Abducens: Follow finger out.
- Facial: raise eyebrows, smile, frown.
- Auditory: close eyes balance on one leg.
- Glossopharyngeal: swallowing.
- Vagus: stick tongue out, say ahhhh!
- Accessory: resist shoulder shrug.
- Hypoglossal: stick out tongue, wiggle around
What is a concussion
- brain injury from hit to head
C1-2
- nodding
C3
- ear to shoulder
C4
- shoulder shrug
C5
- arm abduction
C6
- elbow flexion/ wrist extension
C7
- elbow extension/ wrist flexion
C8
- thumb extension/ ulnar deviation
T1
- finger adduction/abduction
L1-2
- hip flexion
L3
- knee extension
L4
- ankle dorsiflexion
L5
- great toe extension
S1
- ankle plantar flexion
S2
- knee flexion
What are two special tests for cervical spine pathology/ positive signs?
- Spurlings
- Cervical Compression
- Pain
What are 2 special tests for disc injuries?
- straight leg raise
- valsalva test
Test for facet joint injury
- Spring test
Test for a spondy?
- Stork Standing
2 special tests for SI joint injury?
- FABER
- compression/ distraction test
What is a Hyphema?
- bleed in eye
What is subconjuctival hemorrhage? Dangerous?
- bleeding around iris
- not dangerous
what part of the spine is most mobile?
- cervical
what part of the spine is least mobile?
- Thoracic
