Spine And Deep Back Flashcards
Name vertebra type and component A
Bifid spinous process
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component B
Superior Articular Facet
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component C
Posterior tubercle
Cervical vertebra
Name vertebra type and component D
Transverse foramen
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component E
Anterior tubercle
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component F
Uncinate process
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component G
Body
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component H
Transverse process with sulcus for spinal n.
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component I
Pedicle
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component J
Lamina
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component K
Vertebral foramen
Cervical Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component A
Spinous process
Thoracic Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component B
Lamina
Thoracic Vertebra
Name vertebra type and component C
Transverse process
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component D
Superior articular facet
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component E
Superior vertebral notch
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component F
Body
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component G
Superior costal facet
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component H
Inferior costal facet
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component I
Pedicle
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component J
Costal facet on transverse process
Thoracic vertebra
Name vertebra type and component A
Spinous process
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component B
Superior articular facet
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component C
Mamillary process
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component D
Transverse process
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component E
Superior articular process
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component F
Superior vertebral notch
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component G
Body
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component H
Vertebral foramen
Lumbar vertebra
Name vertebra type and component I
Vertebral arch
Lumbar vertebra
Vertebral body function
Support of body weight
Vertebral arch function
Protection of spinal cord
Vertebral spinous and transverse processes function
Muscle attachment and movement
Vertebral articular processes function
Restrict movement
Changes in vertebrae with advancing age
Decrease in bone density
Articular surfaces bow inward
Compression at periphery
Osteophytes form in response
Primary spinal curvatures
Thoracic and Sacral (Kyphosis)
Secondary spinal curvatures
Cervical and Lumbar (Lordosis)
Describe excessive kyphosis
Excessive flexion of thoracic spine
Describe excessive lordosis
Excessive extension of lumbar spine
Describe scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine
Components of the intervertebral disk
Anulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Hyaline cartilage end plate
Herniation of the intervertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus extrusion posterolaterally into intervertebral foramen due to anulus fibrosis breakdown. Impacts spinal nerve at the lower level of herniation
Anterior longitudinal lig. attachments
to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
Anterior longitudinal lig. function
stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension
Posterior longitudinal lig. attachments
to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
Posterior longitudinal lig. function
prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column
Ligamentum flavum attachments
interconnect adjacent laminae
Ligamentum flavum function
resist terminal flexion between vertebrae
Supraspinous lig. attachments
to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum
Interspinous lig. attachments
interconnect adjacent spinous processes
Intertransverse lig. attachments
interconnect adjacent transverse processes
Nuchal ligament structure and function
Structure: Median fibroelastic septum
Function: Attachment for Splenius Capitis (cervical muscles), prevents excessive cervical flexion
Six primary movements of spine
Extension
Flexion
Lateral extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation of head and neck
Rotation of upper trunk
Discuss how amount of flexion & extension motion differs between regions of the spine
Cervical has most flexion & extension
Lumbar has second most
Thoracic least
Discuss how amount of axial rotation motion differs between regions of the spine
Cervical has most rotation (specifically C1-C2)
Thoracic has second
Lumbar has least
Discuss how amount of lateral flexion motion differs between regions of the spine
Cervical has most lateral flexion
Lumbar has second most
Thoracic has least
Extrinsic back muscles
Superficial (axio-appendicular):
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Intermediate:
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
Intrinsic back muscles
Superficial:
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Intermediate:
Erector spinae ([lateral to medial]: Iliocostalis,
longissimus, spinalis)
Deep:
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversarii
Serratus posterior superior attachments
from… spinous processes of C7-T3
to… inferior borders of ribs 2-5
Serratus posterior superior innervation
intercostal nn. (T1-4)
Serratus posterior inferior attachments
from… spinous processes of T11-L2
to… inferior borders of ribs 9-12
Serratus posterior inferior innervation
intercostal nn. (T9-12)
Erector spinae attachments
from… TLF attached to the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous lig., angles of ribs
to… costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs & transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)
1. Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
(represented as semispinalis capitis)
2. Longissimus: capitis, cervicis,
thoracis
3. Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis,
lumborum
Erector spinae innervation
Lateral br. or dorsal rami of spinal nn.
Semispinalis attachments
from… transverse processes
to… distant superior spinous processes
1. Semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Semispinalis innervation
Dorsal rami of spinal nn.
Multifidus attachments
from… sacrum, posterior sacroiliac ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes
to… more superior spinous processes
multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
Multifidus innervation
Dorsal rami of spinal nn.
Rotatores longus and brevis attachments
transverse to spinous process of vertebra above (1-2 levels)
Rotatores longus and brevis innervation
Dorsal rami of spinal nn.
Interspinales attachments
between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
cervical (6), thoracic (2-3), lumbar (4)
Intertransversarii attachments
between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
Fascia of the thoracolumbar area
Thoracolumbar fascia: posterior, middle, anterior layers
Meningeal covering of spinal cord
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Bonded to inner dura in vivo
Pia mater
Denticulate ligaments
Describe the structural changes and clinical findings of spinal stenosis
Narrowing of vertebral canal
- Causes compression of one or more of the spinal nerve roots occupying the inferior vertebral canal
- Presents with motor and sensory symptoms in the lower extremity
