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Clinical Anatomy I > Spine And Deep Back > Flashcards

Spine And Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Name vertebra type and component A

A

Bifid spinous process

Cervical Vertebra

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2
Q

Name vertebra type and component B

A

Superior Articular Facet

Cervical Vertebra

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3
Q

Name vertebra type and component C

A

Posterior tubercle

Cervical vertebra

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4
Q

Name vertebra type and component D

A

Transverse foramen

Cervical Vertebra

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5
Q

Name vertebra type and component E

A

Anterior tubercle

Cervical Vertebra

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6
Q

Name vertebra type and component F

A

Uncinate process

Cervical Vertebra

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7
Q

Name vertebra type and component G

A

Body

Cervical Vertebra

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8
Q

Name vertebra type and component H

A

Transverse process with sulcus for spinal n.

Cervical Vertebra

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9
Q

Name vertebra type and component I

A

Pedicle

Cervical Vertebra

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10
Q

Name vertebra type and component J

A

Lamina

Cervical Vertebra

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11
Q

Name vertebra type and component K

A

Vertebral foramen

Cervical Vertebra

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12
Q

Name vertebra type and component A

A

Spinous process

Thoracic Vertebra

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13
Q

Name vertebra type and component B

A

Lamina

Thoracic Vertebra

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14
Q

Name vertebra type and component C

A

Transverse process

Thoracic vertebra

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15
Q

Name vertebra type and component D

A

Superior articular facet

Thoracic vertebra

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16
Q

Name vertebra type and component E

A

Superior vertebral notch

Thoracic vertebra

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17
Q

Name vertebra type and component F

A

Body

Thoracic vertebra

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18
Q

Name vertebra type and component G

A

Superior costal facet

Thoracic vertebra

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19
Q

Name vertebra type and component H

A

Inferior costal facet

Thoracic vertebra

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20
Q

Name vertebra type and component I

A

Pedicle

Thoracic vertebra

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21
Q

Name vertebra type and component J

A

Costal facet on transverse process

Thoracic vertebra

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22
Q

Name vertebra type and component A

A

Spinous process

Lumbar vertebra

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23
Q

Name vertebra type and component B

A

Superior articular facet

Lumbar vertebra

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24
Q

Name vertebra type and component C

A

Mamillary process

Lumbar vertebra

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25
Q

Name vertebra type and component D

A

Transverse process

Lumbar vertebra

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26
Q

Name vertebra type and component E

A

Superior articular process

Lumbar vertebra

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27
Q

Name vertebra type and component F

A

Superior vertebral notch

Lumbar vertebra

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28
Q

Name vertebra type and component G

A

Body

Lumbar vertebra

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29
Q

Name vertebra type and component H

A

Vertebral foramen

Lumbar vertebra

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30
Q

Name vertebra type and component I

A

Vertebral arch

Lumbar vertebra

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31
Q

Vertebral body function

A

Support of body weight

32
Q

Vertebral arch function

A

Protection of spinal cord

33
Q

Vertebral spinous and transverse processes function

A

Muscle attachment and movement

34
Q

Vertebral articular processes function

A

Restrict movement

35
Q

Changes in vertebrae with advancing age

A

Decrease in bone density
Articular surfaces bow inward
Compression at periphery
Osteophytes form in response

36
Q

Primary spinal curvatures

A

Thoracic and Sacral (Kyphosis)

37
Q

Secondary spinal curvatures

A

Cervical and Lumbar (Lordosis)

38
Q

Describe excessive kyphosis

A

Excessive flexion of thoracic spine

39
Q

Describe excessive lordosis

A

Excessive extension of lumbar spine

40
Q

Describe scoliosis

A

Sideways curvature of the spine

41
Q

Components of the intervertebral disk

A

Anulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus
Hyaline cartilage end plate

42
Q

Herniation of the intervertebral disc

A

Nucleus pulposus extrusion posterolaterally into intervertebral foramen due to anulus fibrosis breakdown. Impacts spinal nerve at the lower level of herniation

43
Q

Anterior longitudinal lig. attachments

A

to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

44
Q

Anterior longitudinal lig. function

A

stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension

45
Q

Posterior longitudinal lig. attachments

A

to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

46
Q

Posterior longitudinal lig. function

A

prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

47
Q

Ligamentum flavum attachments

A

interconnect adjacent laminae

48
Q

Ligamentum flavum function

A

resist terminal flexion between vertebrae

49
Q

Supraspinous lig. attachments

A

to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum

50
Q

Interspinous lig. attachments

A

interconnect adjacent spinous processes

51
Q

Intertransverse lig. attachments

A

interconnect adjacent transverse processes

52
Q

Nuchal ligament structure and function

A

Structure: Median fibroelastic septum
Function: Attachment for Splenius Capitis (cervical muscles), prevents excessive cervical flexion

53
Q

Six primary movements of spine

A

Extension
Flexion
Lateral extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation of head and neck
Rotation of upper trunk

54
Q

Discuss how amount of flexion & extension motion differs between regions of the spine

A

Cervical has most flexion & extension
Lumbar has second most
Thoracic least

55
Q

Discuss how amount of axial rotation motion differs between regions of the spine

A

Cervical has most rotation (specifically C1-C2)
Thoracic has second
Lumbar has least

56
Q

Discuss how amount of lateral flexion motion differs between regions of the spine

A

Cervical has most lateral flexion
Lumbar has second most
Thoracic has least

57
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Superficial (axio-appendicular):
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Intermediate:
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

58
Q

Intrinsic back muscles

A

Superficial:
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Intermediate:
Erector spinae ([lateral to medial]: Iliocostalis,
longissimus, spinalis)
Deep:
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinales
Intertransversarii

59
Q

Serratus posterior superior attachments

A

from… spinous processes of C7-T3
to… inferior borders of ribs 2-5

60
Q

Serratus posterior superior innervation

A

intercostal nn. (T1-4)

61
Q

Serratus posterior inferior attachments

A

from… spinous processes of T11-L2
to… inferior borders of ribs 9-12

62
Q

Serratus posterior inferior innervation

A

intercostal nn. (T9-12)

63
Q

Erector spinae attachments

A

from… TLF attached to the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous lig., angles of ribs
to… costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs & transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)
1. Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
(represented as semispinalis capitis)
2. Longissimus: capitis, cervicis,
thoracis
3. Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis,
lumborum

64
Q

Erector spinae innervation

A

Lateral br. or dorsal rami of spinal nn.

65
Q

Semispinalis attachments

A

from… transverse processes
to… distant superior spinous processes
1. Semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis

66
Q

Semispinalis innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

67
Q

Multifidus attachments

A

from… sacrum, posterior sacroiliac ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes
to… more superior spinous processes
multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical

68
Q

Multifidus innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

69
Q

Rotatores longus and brevis attachments

A

transverse to spinous process of vertebra above (1-2 levels)

70
Q

Rotatores longus and brevis innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nn.

71
Q

Interspinales attachments

A

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
cervical (6), thoracic (2-3), lumbar (4)

72
Q

Intertransversarii attachments

A

between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

73
Q

Fascia of the thoracolumbar area

A

Thoracolumbar fascia: posterior, middle, anterior layers

74
Q

Meningeal covering of spinal cord

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Bonded to inner dura in vivo
Pia mater
Denticulate ligaments

75
Q

Describe the structural changes and clinical findings of spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of vertebral canal
- Causes compression of one or more of the spinal nerve roots occupying the inferior vertebral canal
- Presents with motor and sensory symptoms in the lower extremity

Clinical Anatomy I (44 decks)

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