Mediastinum: Heart & Lungs Flashcards
External features of right lung
Apex
Lobes: superior, middle, inferior
Fissures: horizontal, oblique
External features of left lung
Apex
Lobes: superior, inferior
Fissures: oblique
Lingula
Bronchial tree branching
Trachea -> Bronchi: primary (R&L main) -> secondary (lobar) -> tertiary (segmental)
Right lung medial surface related structures
Superior vena cava
Esophagus
Azygous vein
Heart
Left lung medial surface related structures
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Esophagus
Heart
Lingula
Lung root structures
What’s different from L to R?
Hilum - region that the root is passing in
Pulmonary artery - Right anterior, Left superior
Pulmonary veins
Primary bronchus
Pulmonary ligament
Pleural coverings of lungs
+ recesses
Parietal pleura - outer
- Cervical part
- Costal part
- Mediastinal part
- Diaphragmatic part
Visceral pleura - inner
Recesses: costomediastinal, costodiaphragmatic
Layers of pericardium (superficial to deep)
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium, parietal layer
Serous pericardium, visceral layer
Surface features of heart Anterior
A: Ligamentum arteriosum
B: Left auricle
C: Pericardium
D: Anterior interventricular sulcus
E: Left ventricle
F: Cardiac apex
G: Right ventricle
H: Coronary sulcus
I: Right atrium
J: Right auricle
Surface features of heart Posterior
A: Left auricle
B: Left atrium
C: Left ventricle
D: Coronary sinus
E: Pericardium
F: Right atrium
Right atrium internal features
A: Crista terminalis
B: Pectinate muscles
C: Coronary sinus
D: Inferior vena cava
E: Fossa ovalis
Right ventricle internal features
A: Pulmonary semilunar valve
B: Septal papillary muscle
C: Trabeculae carneae
D: Septomarginal trabecula
E: Posterior papillary muscle
F: Anterior papillary muscle
G: Chordae tendineae
H: Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
I: Supraventricular crest
J: Conus arteriosus
Left atrium & ventricle internal features
A: Left superior pulmonary vein
B: valve of foramen ovale
C: Left atrium
D: Interatrial septum
E: Bicuspid valve ( left atrioventricular valve)
F: Posterior papillary muscle
G: Chordae tendineae
H: Trabeculae carneae
I: Anterior papillary muscle
J: Pectinate muscles
Arrangement between chordae tendinea and valves of the heart
When valves are closed the chordae tendinea are taut
Cardiac auscultation sites
A: Aortic
B: Pulmonary
C: Left atrioventricular valve, mitral valve
D: Right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve
Blood Flow through the heart
Superior & inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk to lungs -> from lungs through pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta to body
Draw the arterial supply of the heart
Check against image
Draw the venous drainage of the heart
Check against image
Conduction system of heart
Sinoatrial node - at the christa terminalis in the right atrium
Atrioventricular node - at the right atrioventricular valve
Bundle of His - between AV valves
Bundle branches - through septa to ventricular walls
Explain the anatomy underlying cardiac referred pain
L pectoral, shoulder, medial upper extremity
Location of remnants of fetal circulation
Fossa ovalis - was the foramen ovale between the right and left atria
Ligamentum arteriosum - was the ductus arteriosus between the pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta
