Foot & Ankle Flashcards by Emily Campbell

Foot plantar surface 1st layer of muscles contents

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

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Foot plantar surface 1st layer of muscles actions

Flexes all toes
Abducts great toe
Abducts 5th digit

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Foot plantar surface 1st layer of muscles innervation

lateral and medial plantar nerves

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Foot plantar surface 1st layer of muscles blood supply

lateral and medial plantar arteries
deep plantar arch

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Foot plantar surface 2nd layer of muscles contents

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals (4)

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Foot plantar surface 2nd layer of muscles actions

Assists flexor digitorum longus
Flexes proximal phalanges at metatarsophalangeal joints
Extends interphalangeal joints

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Foot plantar surface 2nd layer of muscles innervation

lateral and medial plantar nerves

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Foot plantar surface 2nd layer of muscles blood supply

lateral and medial plantar arteries
deep plantar arch

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Foot plantar surface 3rd layer of muscles contents

Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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Foot plantar surface 3rd layer of muscles actions

Adducts great toe
Flexion of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
Flexion of the 5th digit at metatarsophalangeal joint

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Foot plantar surface 3rd layer of muscles innervation

lateral and medial plantar nerves

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Foot plantar surface 3rd layer of muscles blood supply

lateral and medial plantar arteries
deep plantar arch

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Foot plantar surface 4th layer of muscles contents

Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)

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Foot plantar surface 4th layer of muscles actions

Digit 2 as axis for abduction and adduction

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Foot plantar surface 4th layer of muscles innervation

lateral plantar nerve

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Foot plantar surface 4th layer of muscles blood supply

lateral and medial plantar arteries
deep plantar arch

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Foot dorsal aspect layer of muscles contents

Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis

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Foot dorsal aspect layer of muscles actions

Extends the digits

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Foot dorsal aspect layer of muscles innervation

deep fibular nerve

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Foot dorsal aspect layer of muscles blood supply

Arcuate artery
Doral metatarsal artery
Dorsal digital artery

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Abductor digiti minimi attachments

from… calcaneal tuberosity
to… lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit

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Abductor digiti minimi actions

Abducts 5th digit
Flexes 5th digit

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Abductor digiti minimi innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

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Abductor hallucis attachments

from… medial calcaneal tuberosity
to… medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe

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Abductor hallucis actions

Flexes great toe Abducts great toe

Abductor hallucis innervation

medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)

Adductor hallucis attachments

from... 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) to... lateral base of the proximal phalanx of great toe

Adductor hallucis actions

Adducts great toe

Adductor hallucis innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Extensor digitorum brevis attachments

from... anterolateral calcaneus to... dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx (digit 1 for EHB) or to the lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (digits 2-4 EDB)

Extensor digitorum brevis actions

Extends digits 2-5 (MP & IP & EDB) Extension of digit 1 (EHB)

Extensor digitorum brevis innervation

deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)

Extensor hallucis brevis attachments

from... extensor digitorum brevis to... dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the halux

Extensor hallucis brevis actions

extension of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Extensor hallucis brevis innervation

deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)

Quadratus plantae attachments

from... medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to... long flexor tendons

Quadratus plantae actions

Assists flexor digitorum longus

Quadratus plantae innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Flexor digitorum brevis attachments

from... medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to... sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor digitorum brevis actions

Flexes toes (proximal IP)

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis attachments

from... 5th metatarsal base to... proximal phalangeal base

Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions

Flexion of 5th digit (MP)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Flexor hallucis brevis attachments

from... cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior to... base of the proximal phalanx of great toe

Flexor hallucis brevis actions

Flexion of great toe (MP)

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation

medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)

Dorsal interossei attachments

from... metatarsal shafts to... proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4

Dorsal interossei actions

Abducts (MP) digits 2-4 Flexes (MP) digits 2-4

Dorsal interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Plantar interossei attachments

from... plantar surface of base of metatarsals to... dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5

Plantar interossei actions

Adducts (MP) digits 3-5 Flexes (MP) digits 3-5

Plantar interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Lumbricals attachments

from... tendons of flexor digitorum longus to... medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5

Lumbricals actions

Flexes proximal phalanges (MP) Extends IP joints

Lumbricals innervation

1st - medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1) 2nd-4th - lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Tendons that pass posterior to the medial malleolus (anterior to posterior)

Tom - Tibialis posterior Dick - Flexor digitorum longus And - Posterior tibial artery Very - Posterior tibial vein Nervous - Tibial nerve Harry - Flexor hallucis longus Flexor retinaculum (holds them in place)

Describe the path taken by the muscular branch origin of the tibial nerve in the foot

Sciatic Tibial Medial plantar Lateral plantar - superficial branch - deep branch Common plantar Proper plantar

Describe the locations where one would take the medial malleolar and dorsalis pedis pulses

Medial malleolar - just posterior to medial malleolus Dorsal pedis - dorsum of the foot lateral to extensor hallucis longus

Primary motions that occur at the joints of the foot and ankle

Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion Inversion Eversion Toe flexion Toe extension Toe abduction Toe adduction

Talocrural fibrous capsule attachments

From... the borders of the articular surfaces of the tibia & malleoli to... the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus

Medial collateral (deltoid) ligament attachments

from... the medial malleolus to... the talus, navicular & sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus

Medial collateral (deltoid) ligament functions

stabilizes joint & resists forces eversion

Lateral ligaments of the ankle

Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular Lateral talocalcaneal Anterior talofibular

Lateral ligaments of the ankle function

stabilize joint & resist forces inversion

Long plantar ligament attachments

from... the plantar surface of the calcaneus & cuboid to... the plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament) attachments

from... calcaneus to... the plantar surface of the cuboid

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) attachments

from... the anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali to... the plantar surface of the navicular

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) functions

supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

Tarsal bones mnemonic

Tiger - Talus Cubs - Calcaneus Need - Navicular MILC - Cuneiforms: Medial, Intermediate, Lateral; Cuboid