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Images of Anatomy > Spine anatomy > Flashcards

Spine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae does the cervical have?

A

Cervical has 7 vertebrates

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2
Q

How many vertebrae does the thoracic have?

A

Thoracic has 12 vertebrates

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3
Q

How many vertebrae does the lumbar have?

A

Lumbar has 5 vertebrates

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4
Q

How many vertebrae does the sacrum have?

A

Sacrum has 5 vertebrates(Fused)

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5
Q

How many vertebrates does the coccyx have?

A

Coccyx has 4 vertebrates(Fused)

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6
Q

How many vertebrates are there in total and how many of which are moveable?

A

33 vertebrates in total of which 24 are moveable

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7
Q

Where do the primary curves(thorax and sacral) develop?

A

-Thorax and sacral curves develop in utero

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8
Q

Secondary curves of the spine

A
  • Cervical(Lordosis)
  • Thoracic(Kyphosis)
  • Lumbar(Lordosis)
  • Sacral(Kyphosis)
  • Coccyx(Tailbone)
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9
Q

What is the size and shape of the C-spine?

A

Small, oval shaped vertebral bodies

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10
Q

Properties of the vertebral arch and vertebral foramen of C-spine

A

Relatively wide vertebral arch with large vertebral foramen

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11
Q

C-spine properties

A

Relatively long, bifid (except for C7) inferiorly pointing spinous processes

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12
Q

What does the transverse foramina protect?

A

Transverse foramina protecting the vertebral arteries and veins

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13
Q

What is the size and shape of T spine?

A

Medium sized, heart shaped vertebral bodies

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14
Q

What is the size of the vertebral canals of the T spine?

A

Medium sized vertebral canals

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15
Q

Properties of the T spine

A
  • Prominent transverse process with costal facets
  • Long spinous processes angulating downwards
  • Articulation with ribs
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16
Q

What joints does the T spine form?

A

Form costotransverse and costovertebral joints

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17
Q

What structures pass through the anterior sacral foramina?

A

-Anterior primary branches (rami) of the sacral nerves and lateral sacral arteries and veins

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18
Q

What joint is formed when the sacrum articulates with the ilium bones?

A

-Articulate with ilium bones forming sacroiliac joints

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19
Q

Size of cervical

A

Small

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20
Q

Foramina of cervical

A

One vertebral and two transverse

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21
Q

Spinous processes of cervical

A

Slender, often bifid(C2-C6)

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22
Q

Transverse processes of cervical

A

Small

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23
Q

Articular facets for ribs of cervical

A

Absent

24
Q

Direction of articular facets of cervical(Superior)

A

Posterosuperior

25
Q

Direction of articular facets of cervical(Inferior)

A

Anteroinferior

26
Q

Size of the intervertebral discs of the cervical

A

Thick relative to the size of vertebral bodies

27
Q

Size of thoracic

A

Medium

28
Q

Foramina of thoracic

A

One vertebral

29
Q

Spinous process of the thoracic

A

Long, fairly thick

30
Q

Transverse process of thoracic

A

Fairly large

31
Q

Articular facets for ribs of thoracic

A

Present

32
Q

Direction of articular facets of thoracic(Superior)

A

Posterolateral

33
Q

Direction of articular facets of thoracic(Inferior)

A

Anteromedial

34
Q

Size of intervertebral discs of thoracic

A

Thin relative to the size of vertebral bodies

35
Q

Size of lumbar

A

Large

36
Q

Foramina of lumbar

A

One vertebral

37
Q

Spinous processes of lumbar

A

Short, blunt

38
Q

Transverse processes of lumbar

A

Large and blunt

39
Q

Articular facets for ribs of lumbar

A

Absent

40
Q

Direction of articular facets of lumbar(Superior)

A

Medial

41
Q

Direction of articular facets of lumbar(Inferior)

A

Lateral

42
Q

Size of intervertebral discs of lumbar

A

thickest

43
Q

What is the zygapophyseal joint?

A

Zygapophyseal joint is a synovial facet joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior process of the vertebrae above it.

44
Q

What is the intervertebral joint?

A

Intervertebral joints is a cartilaginous joint that allows slight movement of the vertebrae and acts similar to a vertebrae in holding the vertebrae together

45
Q

What is the costovertebral joint?

A

Costovertebral joint is a synovial plane joint that connects the head of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae.

46
Q

What is the pad of fibrocartilage of intervertebral discs attached permanently to?

A

Pad of fibrocartilage attached permanently to the vertebral bodies

47
Q

What is the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

A
  • Tough outer cartilage

- Concentric rings

48
Q

What do the intervertebral discs allow?

A

Allow movement between vertebrate and shock absorption

49
Q

What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?

A
  • Iliocostalis muscle
  • Longissimus muscle
  • Spinalis muscle
50
Q

Layers of the meninges of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid space
  3. Pia mater
51
Q

Path of nerves through vertebrate

A
  • Afferent sensory information arrives via dorsal root ganglion
  • Transmitted through the dorsal and lateral horn, through the somatic sensory nuclei, visceral sensory nuclei, autonomic efferent nuclei and somatic motor nuclei respectively.
  • Efferent signals leave through the ventral root to muscles and glands
52
Q

How many nerves does the C spine have?

A

8 nerves

53
Q

How do the nerves C2-C7 emerge?

A

Nerves C2-C7 emerge superior to pedicles

54
Q

How do C8 nerves emerge?

A

Nerve C8 emerges inferior to pedicle to C7 vertebra

55
Q

How do the nerves T1 to coccyx emerge?

A

Nerves T1 to coccyx emerge inferior to pedicles of their respective vertebrae

Images of Anatomy (12 decks)

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