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Images of Anatomy > Head and neck 1 > Flashcards

Head and neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 bones fuse together to form the pterion?

A

-Parietal, frontal, temporal and sphenoid bone all fuse together to the pterion

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2
Q

What artery runs by the pterion?

A

-The middle meningeal artery runs by the pterion

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3
Q

What is brachypehaly?

A

A condition characterised by a flattened area at the back of the skull

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4
Q

What is trigonocephaly?

A

A congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic structure leading to a -triangular forehead.

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5
Q

What is the sagittal synososis?

A

Where there is premature closure of the sagittal suture of the skull that causes abnormal growth of the skull resulting in a long and narrow head shape.

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6
Q

What is a deformational posterior?

A

Asymmetry in the posterior cranial vault of the head

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7
Q

What is synostotic anterior?

A

Asymmetrical distortion of the skull

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8
Q

What muscles are involved in the protrusion of the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid

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9
Q

What muscles are involved in the retraction of the jaw?

A

Posterior fibres of temporalis, deep part of masseter and geniohyoid and digastric

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10
Q

What muscle is involved in the elevation of the jaw?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

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11
Q

What muscle is involved in the depression of the jaw?

A

Digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

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12
Q

What are masticatory muscles involved in?

A

Masticatory muscles are involved in the chewing of food.

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13
Q

What muscles are involved in mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Masseter
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14
Q

What types of portions does the masseter muscle have?

A

Has superficial and deep portion

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

Insertion to the zygomatic arch in the inferior and the lateral ramus of the coronoid process

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16
Q

What are masseter muscle supplied by?

A

Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)

-Masseteric nerve

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17
Q

What does the masseter help the mandible do?

A

Masseter helps to elevate the mandible

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18
Q

What does the temporalis muscle line the entirety of?

A

Lines entirety of the temporal bone

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19
Q

What does the temporalis muscle insert to?

A

inserts to the coronoid process of mandible

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20
Q

Where does the temporalis muscle have its anterior margin?

A

Temporalis muscle has the Anterior margin on the ramus of the mandible

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21
Q

What is the temporalis muscle supplied by?

A

Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)

-Temporal nerve

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22
Q

What does the temporalis muscle help the mandible with?

A

Temporalis helps with mandible elevation and retraction

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23
Q

Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid come from?

A

Deep head comes from the lateral plate of the pterygoid

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24
Q

Where does the superficial head of the medial pterygoid come from?

A

Superficial head comes from the tuberosity of the maxilla

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25
Q

What does the medial pterygoid insert into?

A

Inserts into the underside of the ramus of the mandible.

26
Q

What is the medial pterygoid supplied by?

A

Supplied by medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

27
Q

What does the medial pterygoid help the mandible with?

A

Medial pterygoid helps with mandible elevation and side to side movements

28
Q

Where does the upper head of the lateral pterygoid come from?

A

Upper head comes from the roof of the infratemporal fossa

29
Q

Where does the lower head of the lateral pterygoid come from?

A

Lower head comes from the lateral surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process

30
Q

Where does the superior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?

A

Superior head inserts in the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint

31
Q

Where does the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?

A

Inferior head inserts in the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

32
Q

What is the lateral pterygoid immerbated by?

A

Innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve

33
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid help the mandible with?

A

mandible protrusion and side to side movements.

34
Q

What does the procerus muscle allow?

A

-Procerus allows the contractility of the frontal aspects of the face

35
Q

What does alar mean?

A

-Alar means attachment to the cartilage of the skin of the nose

36
Q

What muscle is involved in whistling?

A

Buccinator is involved in whistling

37
Q

What duct is the buccinator the opening of?

A

Opening of the parotid duct

38
Q

What foramen does the facial nerve exit?

A

Facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

What does the facial nerve branch into behind the ear?

A

It branches into the posterior auricular nerve just behind the ear

40
Q

What gland does the facial nerve pass through?

A

It also passes through the parotid gland, however not innervated by the facial nerve

41
Q

What level does the common carotid artery bifurcate and what branches does it bifurcate into?

A

Common carotid arteries bifurcate at level C4 into internal and external branches

42
Q

What does the external branch of the common carotid supply?

A

external branch will supply everything of the face

43
Q

What does the internal branch of the common carotid supply

A

Internal branch of common carotid continues on to supply the brain

44
Q

What are the three things that go through the parotid gland?

A
  • Facial nerve
  • External carotid artery
  • Retro mandibular vein
45
Q

What risk do venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses?

A

Venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses a risk of spread of infection which can give cavernous sinus thrombosis

46
Q

How many muscles is the tongue made up of and how many are intrinsic and extrinsic?

A

Tongue made up of 8 muscles

-4 are intrinsic and 4 are extrinsic

47
Q

Where does the tonsil sit in between?

A

Tonsil sits in between palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch

48
Q

What condition is kissing tonsils?

A

Condition where the tonsils meet in the midline or overlap

49
Q

What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?

A

Involved in the shape of the tongue

50
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

- Transverse and vertical muscles

51
Q

What are extrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?

A

Involved in tongue movement

52
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Genioglossus muscle
  • Hyoglossus muscle
  • Styloglossus muscle
  • Palatoglossus muscle
53
Q

What is the sensory supply of the tongue?

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve(XII)

- Vagus nerve(X)

54
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

-Parotid gland located behind the ramus of mandible

55
Q

Where is the parotid duct located?

A

Parotid duct is on the anterior border of the masseter and pierces buccinator

56
Q

What is the parotid papilla opposite?

A

Parotid papilla is opposite the second upper molar tooth

57
Q

What is parotitis?

A

Inflammation of the parotid gland

58
Q

What does parotitis present as?

A

Presents as an acutely painful preauricular swellings

59
Q

What may the patient be with parotitis?

A

Patient may be toxic with fever and pus exude from the opening of the parotid duct

60
Q

What people are at greater risk of parotitis?

A

Elderly, debilitated, dehydrated patients with poor oral hygiene or who are on anticholinergic drugs are at greatest risk.

61
Q

What makes up the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Mylohyoid

Images of Anatomy (12 decks)

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