Head and neck 1 Flashcards
What 4 bones fuse together to form the pterion?
-Parietal, frontal, temporal and sphenoid bone all fuse together to the pterion
What artery runs by the pterion?
-The middle meningeal artery runs by the pterion
What is brachypehaly?
A condition characterised by a flattened area at the back of the skull
What is trigonocephaly?
A congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic structure leading to a -triangular forehead.
What is the sagittal synososis?
Where there is premature closure of the sagittal suture of the skull that causes abnormal growth of the skull resulting in a long and narrow head shape.
What is a deformational posterior?
Asymmetry in the posterior cranial vault of the head
What is synostotic anterior?
Asymmetrical distortion of the skull
What muscles are involved in the protrusion of the jaw?
Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid
What muscles are involved in the retraction of the jaw?
Posterior fibres of temporalis, deep part of masseter and geniohyoid and digastric
What muscle is involved in the elevation of the jaw?
Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
What muscle is involved in the depression of the jaw?
Digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles
What are masticatory muscles involved in?
Masticatory muscles are involved in the chewing of food.
What muscles are involved in mastication?
- Temporalis
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral pterygoid
- Masseter
What types of portions does the masseter muscle have?
Has superficial and deep portion
What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?
Insertion to the zygomatic arch in the inferior and the lateral ramus of the coronoid process
What are masseter muscle supplied by?
Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)
-Masseteric nerve
What does the masseter help the mandible do?
Masseter helps to elevate the mandible
What does the temporalis muscle line the entirety of?
Lines entirety of the temporal bone
What does the temporalis muscle insert to?
inserts to the coronoid process of mandible
Where does the temporalis muscle have its anterior margin?
Temporalis muscle has the Anterior margin on the ramus of the mandible
What is the temporalis muscle supplied by?
Supplied by the trigeminal nerve (V3)
-Temporal nerve
What does the temporalis muscle help the mandible with?
Temporalis helps with mandible elevation and retraction
Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid come from?
Deep head comes from the lateral plate of the pterygoid
Where does the superficial head of the medial pterygoid come from?
Superficial head comes from the tuberosity of the maxilla
What does the medial pterygoid insert into?
Inserts into the underside of the ramus of the mandible.
What is the medial pterygoid supplied by?
Supplied by medial pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve
What does the medial pterygoid help the mandible with?
Medial pterygoid helps with mandible elevation and side to side movements
Where does the upper head of the lateral pterygoid come from?
Upper head comes from the roof of the infratemporal fossa
Where does the lower head of the lateral pterygoid come from?
Lower head comes from the lateral surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process
Where does the superior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?
Superior head inserts in the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint
Where does the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid insert in?
Inferior head inserts in the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
What is the lateral pterygoid immerbated by?
Innervated by the lateral pterygoid nerve of the mandibular nerve
What does the lateral pterygoid help the mandible with?
mandible protrusion and side to side movements.
What does the procerus muscle allow?
-Procerus allows the contractility of the frontal aspects of the face
What does alar mean?
-Alar means attachment to the cartilage of the skin of the nose
What muscle is involved in whistling?
Buccinator is involved in whistling
What duct is the buccinator the opening of?
Opening of the parotid duct
What foramen does the facial nerve exit?
Facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen
What does the facial nerve branch into behind the ear?
It branches into the posterior auricular nerve just behind the ear
What gland does the facial nerve pass through?
It also passes through the parotid gland, however not innervated by the facial nerve
What level does the common carotid artery bifurcate and what branches does it bifurcate into?
Common carotid arteries bifurcate at level C4 into internal and external branches
What does the external branch of the common carotid supply?
external branch will supply everything of the face
What does the internal branch of the common carotid supply
Internal branch of common carotid continues on to supply the brain
What are the three things that go through the parotid gland?
- Facial nerve
- External carotid artery
- Retro mandibular vein
What risk do venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses?
Venous connections from face and orbit to cavernous sinus poses a risk of spread of infection which can give cavernous sinus thrombosis
How many muscles is the tongue made up of and how many are intrinsic and extrinsic?
Tongue made up of 8 muscles
-4 are intrinsic and 4 are extrinsic
Where does the tonsil sit in between?
Tonsil sits in between palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch
What condition is kissing tonsils?
Condition where the tonsils meet in the midline or overlap
What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?
Involved in the shape of the tongue
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
- Transverse and vertical muscles
What are extrinsic muscles of the tongue involved in?
Involved in tongue movement
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Genioglossus muscle
- Hyoglossus muscle
- Styloglossus muscle
- Palatoglossus muscle
What is the sensory supply of the tongue?
- Hypoglossal nerve(XII)
- Vagus nerve(X)
Where is the parotid gland located?
-Parotid gland located behind the ramus of mandible
Where is the parotid duct located?
Parotid duct is on the anterior border of the masseter and pierces buccinator
What is the parotid papilla opposite?
Parotid papilla is opposite the second upper molar tooth
What is parotitis?
Inflammation of the parotid gland
What does parotitis present as?
Presents as an acutely painful preauricular swellings
What may the patient be with parotitis?
Patient may be toxic with fever and pus exude from the opening of the parotid duct
What people are at greater risk of parotitis?
Elderly, debilitated, dehydrated patients with poor oral hygiene or who are on anticholinergic drugs are at greatest risk.
What makes up the suprahyoid muscles?
- Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
- Geniohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Mylohyoid
