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Images of Anatomy > Abdomen 1:Anteiror abdominal wall and inguinal canal > Flashcards

Abdomen 1:Anteiror abdominal wall and inguinal canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the abdominal landmarks at the superior boundary?

A
  • Superior boundary
    • Xiphisternal joint
    • Xiphoid process
      • Costal margin
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2
Q

What are the abdominal landmarks at the inferior boundary?

A
  • Inferior boundary
    • Iliac crest
    • ASIS
    • Pubic symphysis
      • Inguinal ligament
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3
Q

What are the soft tissue abdominal landmarks?

A
  • Soft tissue landmarks
    • Tendinous intersections
    • Umbilicus (L4)
    • Linea alba
    • Linea semilunaris
    • External Oblique
      • Rectus abdominis
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4
Q

What is present in the superficial fascia layer of the abdominal wall?

A
  • Superficial fascia:
    • Camper’s fascia(fatty)
      • Scarpa’s fascia(membranous)
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5
Q

What is the anterolateral muscle of the abdominal wall?

A

External oblique muscle

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6
Q

What is the direction of the external oblique muscle?

A

-Inferomedial fibre direction

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7
Q

Where is the inguinal ligament located in respect to the external oblique muscle?

A

Inguinal ligament: free border of external oblique muscle

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8
Q

What is located in the rectus sheath layer (Anterior layer) of the abdominal wall?

A
  • Aponeuroses of anterolateral muscles

- External and 1/2 internal oblique

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9
Q

What does the rectus sheath (Anterior layer) envelope?

A

Envelopes rectus abdominis and pyramidalis

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10
Q

What does the anterior muscles layer of the abdominal wall contain?

A
  • External oblique muscle
  • Internal oblique muscle
  • Transversus abdominis muscle
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11
Q

What direction is the internal oblique muscle?

A

-Superomedial fibre direction

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12
Q

What direction is the transversus abdominis muscle?

A

-Transverse fibre direction

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13
Q

What does the vertical muscle layer of the abdominal wall contain?

A
  • Rectus abdominis

- Pyramidalis

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14
Q

What is the rectus abdominis and what is it seperated by?

A

-Paired strap muscle separated by linea alba(white line).

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15
Q

How many tendinous intersections are present in the rectus abdominis?

A

-Three or more tendinous intersections

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16
Q

What does the lateral border of the vertical muscle form?

A

Lateral border forms linea semilunaris

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17
Q

What percentage of people don’t have the pyramidalis?

A

Absent from 20% of people

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18
Q

What is the rectus sheath (posterior layer) layer of the abdominal wall superior to?

A
  • Superior to arcuate line:

- 1/2 internal oblique + transversus abdominis

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19
Q

What is the rectus sheath (Posterior layer) layer of the abdominal wall posterior to?

A
  • Posterior to arcuate line

- Transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

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20
Q

Rectus sheath(Superior to arcuate line)

A
  • Internal aponeurosis splits into two layers:
    - Anterior laminae passes anterior to rectus abdmoinis
    - Posterior laminae passes posterior to rectus abdominis
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21
Q

Rectus sheath(Inferior to arcuate line)

A
  • 3 aponeuroses pass anterior to rectus abdominis

- Posterior layer is weaker as its only formed by transversalis fascia

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22
Q

What is the inguinal canal and what is its path?

A

An oblique passage that extends downwards and medially through the lower anterior abdominal wall

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23
Q

What is the function of the inguinal canal in males?

A

Allows spermatic cord to pass to and from testis

24
Q

What is the function of the inguinal canal in females?

A

-Permits the passage of round ligament of uterus to labia majora

25
Q

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Deep inguinal rings

- Superficial inguinal ring

26
Q

What is the deep inguinal rings?

A
  • Entrance to canal

- Internal: transversalis fascia

27
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Exit of canal(External oblique muscle)

28
Q

Where do gonads(Tesis or ovary) originally develop?

A

Gonads(testis or ovary) originally develop in the posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

Where do testis travel during gonadal development and by traversing what?

A

Testis travel into scrotum, by traversing abdominal wall

30
Q

Where do ovaries descend during gonadal development?

A

Ovaries descend into pelvis

31
Q

When does the gubernaculum develop?

A

Develops at 7 week gestation

32
Q

What type of structure is the mesenchymal tissue of the gubernaculum?

A

Cord like structure

33
Q

What does the gubernaculum assist in and the development of what?

A

Assist in the descent of the testis/ovaries from the abdomen into developing scrotum/pelvis, respectively.

34
Q

Process involved in the descent of testis?

A
  • Process vaginalis
    • Develop during 2nd to 3rd months of gestation
    • Tubular extension of peritoneal cavity
    • Herniates through abdominal wall along path formed by gubernaculum
    • Extension of layers of abdominal wall accompany process vaginalis and from walls of inguinal canal, spermatic cord and testes
    • Process vaginalis obliterates and closes in a downward direction
      • Males: scrotal part of PV remains patent: Tunica vaginalis
35
Q

Layers of testes and spermatic cord

A

Check Notes

36
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Terminal end of inguinal canal

37
Q

How does the superficial inguinal ring look like?

A

Triangular opening in aponeurosis of external oblique

38
Q

What is the location of the superficial inguinal ring relative to the public tubercle?

A

2-3cm superior and lateral to pubic tubercle

39
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

Opening of inguinal canal

40
Q

What is the evaginatiion in the transcersalis fasica in the deep inguinal ring produced by?

A

Evagination in the transversalis fascia produced by process vaginalis

41
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring located, relative to the inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Located lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

42
Q

What are the walls of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Superior wall(roof)
  • Inferior wall(floor)
  • Anterior wall
  • Posterior wall
43
Q

How many muscles does the superior wall of the inguinal canal have and what are they ?

A

2 muscles

  • Internal oblique muscle
  • Transverse abdominis muscle
44
Q

How many aponeurosis does the anterior wall of the inguinal canal have and what are they?

A

2 aponeurosis

  • Aponeurosis of external oblique
  • Aponeurosis of internal oblique
45
Q

What are the 2 Ts of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Transversalis fascia

- Conjoint tendon (IB + TA)

46
Q

How many ligaments does the inferior wall of the inguinal canal have and what are they?

A

2 ligaments

  • Inguinal ligament
  • Lacunar ligament
47
Q

What is the vas deferens and whats its course?

A

Vas deferens is the tube that transfers sperm from the epididymis, where its stored, up the spermatic cord to the seminal vesicle

48
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

-Tunica vaginalis is a remnant of the process vaginalis which is an indentation of the parietalperitoneum

49
Q

Where does the testicular artery arise from and whats it location?

A

Testicular artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the location where the gonads develop.

50
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus and what regulation is it involved in?

A

Pampiniform plexus is a network of veins for the regulation of the temperature

51
Q

What is the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve a branch of?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve is a branch of the lumbar plexus.

52
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females?

A
  • ilioinguinal nerve

- Round ligament

53
Q

What does the round ligament attach to?

A

Attaches to uterus to hold it in place

54
Q

What does the round ligament transvers?

A

Transverses inguinal canal

55
Q

What does the round ligament spread out in?

A

Spreads out in labia majora

Images of Anatomy (12 decks)

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