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Neurology System > Spinal Cord and Periphery > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Periphery Flashcards

1
Q

Where is grey matter found in the spinal cord?

A

Centre

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2
Q

Where is white matter found in the spinal cord?

A

Around the periphery

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3
Q

What composes white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

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4
Q

What are the 2 horns contained in the grey matter?

A

Dorsal

Ventral

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5
Q

Where do the axons of sensory fibres enter?

A

Through the dorsal route into the dorsal horn of the grey matter

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6
Q

Where do sensory fibres synapse?

A

Dorsal ganglia

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7
Q

Where is dorsal ganglia located?

A

Just outside the dorsal horn

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8
Q

Where do motor neurons have their cell bodies?

A

In the ventral horn

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9
Q

Where do motor neurons exit the spinal cord?

A

Through the ventral route

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10
Q

What is the central canal?

A

Hole in the centre of the spinal cord

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11
Q

What is located in the central canal?

A

CSF

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12
Q

What do ascending pathways carry?

A

Sensory information towards the brain

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13
Q

What do descending pathways carry?

A

Motor information away from the brain

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14
Q

What 3 columns are tracts arranged as?

A

Posterior, lateral and anterior

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15
Q

How many neurons are there between the peripheral receptor and cortex in ascending pathways?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the 3 neurons in ascending pathways?

A

1st
2nd
3rd order neuron

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17
Q

What do 1st neurons carry in AP?

A

Sensory information regarding touch, proprioception or vibration from peripheral nerves to the spinal cord or brainstem

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18
Q

Where do ascending pathways first synapse?

A

Either at the level of the spinal cord

Or at the medulla

19
Q

Where do 1st order neuron cell bodies bode in AP?

A

In dorsal root ganglion

20
Q

What happens to neurons in ascending pathways at the medulla in AP ?

A

Decussate to travel in the contralateral side

21
Q

Where do 2nd and 3rd neurons synapse in AP?

A

At the thalamus

22
Q

Where do 3rd order neurons finally end in AP?

A

At the contralateral parietal cortex

23
Q

What is the function of 3rd order neurons in AP?

A

Transmit sensory signals from the thalamus to the contralateral primary sensory cortex of the brain

24
Q

Where is the sensory cortex found?

A

Post central gyrus in the parietal lobe

25
Q

What do lateral spinothalmic tracts detect?

A

Pain and temperature

26
Q

What do anterior spinthalmic tracts detect?

A

Light touch and pressure

27
Q

What do dorsal column tracts detect?

A

Deep touch and pressure

From the opposite side of the body

28
Q

Where does the posterior spinothalmic tract decussate?

A

At the level of the medullae

29
Q

What is the function of lateral spinothalmic tracts?

A

Carries information about pain and temperature to the contralateral side

30
Q

Where does the lateral spinothalmic tract decussate?

A

At the level of the spinal cord

31
Q

Where do motor tracts of the spinal cord originate?

A

In the cerebral cortex and brainstem

32
Q

How many neurons are in descending pathways?

A

2

33
Q

Where do descending pathways decussate?

A

In the brainstem

Pyramidal of the medulla

34
Q

Where do 1st order neurons in DP originate?

A

Primary motor cortex

35
Q

Does all sensory information need to be sent to the brain to make decisions?

A

No

36
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An involuntary stereotypes pattern of response brought about by a sensory stimulus

37
Q

Where are many reflexes mediated?

A

At the level of the spinal cord

38
Q

What are the sequence of events in the knee jerk?

A

1.) Tendon is stretches
2.) Muscle fibres are stimulatesd
3.) Sensory neuron is activated
4.) Monosynaptic reflex arc (not going anywhere up the tracts to the cerebral hemispheres)
5.) Polysynaptic reflex arc to inhibitory interneuron
6.) Reciprocal innervation
7.) Muscle contraction
Flexion of the hit muscle
Extension of the contralateral muscle

39
Q

Is UMN or LMN involved with reflexes?

A

LMN

40
Q

If there is a UMN lesion are reflexes damaged?

A

No because UMN is not involved in them

41
Q

What happens to reflexes if there is a UMN lesion?

A

They become exaggerated

42
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A

Somatic motor

Autonomic motor

43
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle in the body?

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Neurology System (35 decks)

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