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Neurology System > Disorders of Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Disorders of Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves are special sensory?

A

I - olfaction
II - vision
VII, IX, and X - taste
VIII - hearing

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves are ordinary sensory?

A

CN V
CN VII
CN IX

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3
Q

Which CN control eye muscles?

A

III
IV - SO
VI - LR

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4
Q

Which CN controls muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

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5
Q

Which CN controls muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII (facial)

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6
Q

Which CN controls muscles of the larynx and pharynx?

A

Mainly CNX (vagus)

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7
Q

Which CN controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles/

A

CN XI (accessory)

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8
Q

Which CN controls lacrimation?

A

CN VII

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9
Q

Which CN controls salvation from submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

CN VII

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10
Q

Which CN controls salivation from parotid glands?

A

CN IX

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11
Q

Which CN controls pupillary constriction?

A

CN III

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12
Q

How do we test CN I?

A

Change in smell

Uni or bi lateral

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13
Q

How do we test CN II?

A 
Visual fields 
Visual acuity 
Pupillary response 
Colour vision 
Fundoscopy
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14
Q

How do we test CN III, IV and VI?

A

Eye movements
Horizontal and vertical H shape
Equal size pupils

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15
Q

What tests are carried out for CN V function?

A 
Sensation in V1,2,and 3 area
Neurotip and cotton wool 
Corneal reflex (sensory part)
Power of muscles of mastication 
Jaw jerk reflex
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16
Q

How do we test CN VII?

A

Make facial expressions
Corneal reflex (motor control)
Taste (sometimes)

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17
Q

HOw do we test CN VIII?

A

Hearing

Rinne’s and Weber;s

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18
Q

What tuning fork is used in hearing tests?

A

512 Hz

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19
Q

How is CN IX and CN X tested?

A

Movement of the palate (symmetrical)
Gag reflex
Quality of speech
Quality of cough

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20
Q

How is CN XI tested?

A

Move shoulders up and down to test the trapzius muscle

Head turning to test the sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

How is CN XII tested?

A

Movement of tongue

Test speech

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22
Q

Which is the afferent CN of pupillary reflex?

A

CN II

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23
Q

What is the efferent CN of pupillary reflex?

A

CN III

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24
Q

What is the afferent CN of corneal reflex?

A

CN V

25
Q

What is the efferent CN of corneal reflex?

A

CN VII

26
Q

What is the afferent and efferent CN of jaw reflex?

A

CN V for both

27
Q

What is the afferent CN for gag reflex?

A

CN IX

28
Q

What is the efferent CN for gag reflex?

A

CN X

29
Q

Where are CN III and IV nuclei located in the brain?

A

Mid brain

30
Q

Where are CN V, VI and VII nuclei located?

A

In the pons

31
Q

Where is CN VIII nuclei located?

A

In the pontomedullary junction

32
Q

Where is CN IX, X, XI and XII nuclei located?

A

In the medulla

33
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for loss of eye movements, facial weakness and difficulty swallowing?

A

Stroke

Cranial nerve disorders

34
Q

What causes optic neuritis?

A

Demyelination within the optic nerve

35
Q

What is optic neuritis often associated with?

A

MS

36
Q

What are the symptoms of optic neuritis?

A 
Monocular visual loss 
Pain on eye movement 
Reduced visual acuity 
Reduced colour vision 
Optic disc may be swollen
37
Q

Palsy of which CN would result in a fixed dilated pupil?

A

CN III

38
Q

What can lead to a constricted pupil?

A

Damage anywhere within the sympathetic pathway

39
Q

What are causes of dilated pupils?

A 
Youth 
Dim lighting 
Anxiety, excitement 
Drugs 
3rd nerve palsy 
Brain death
40
Q

What are causes of constricted pupils?

A 
Odl age 
Bright light 
Miotic eye drops 
Opiate overdose 
Horners syndrome
Damage to the sympathetic chain
41
Q

What can cause eye movement disorders?

A

Isolated CN III, IV or VI palsy
Combination of the above
Supranucleur gaze palsy
Nystagmus

42
Q

What are causes of isolated CN III palsy?

A

Microvascular (diabetes, hypertension)

Compressive ( due to artery aneurysm, raised ICP)

43
Q

What are causes of isolated CN VI palsy?

A

Idiopathic
Diabetes
Meningitis
Raised ICP

44
Q

What are some causes of nystagmus?

A 
Congenital 
Serious visual impairment 
Vestibular problems 
Brainstem disease
Cerebellar disease 
Toxins
45
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Paroxysmal attacks of lacinating pain

46
Q

What causes trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Compression of 5th nerve root in posterior fossa (caused by vascular loops)

47
Q

What is the first line treatment for CN V neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

48
Q

What is the treatment for CN V if medication is resistant?

A

Surgery

49
Q

What are the signs of bells palsy?

A

Unilateral facial weakness

50
Q

Is bells palsy UMN of LMN lesion?

A

LMN

51
Q

What type of pain often precedes bells palsy?

A

Pain behind the ear

52
Q

Why is there a risk of corneal damage in bells palsy?

A

Due to failure to close the eyelid

53
Q

How is bells palsy treated?

A

Usually with steroids

54
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Disordered articulation

Slurring of speech

55
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

56
Q

Is bulbar palsy UMN or LMN?

A

LMN

57
Q

Is pseudobulbar palsy UMN or LMN?

A

UMN

58
Q

What are the signs of bulbar palsy?

A 
Wasted, fasiculating tongue
Dysarthria
Dysphonia 
Dysphagia 
Norma gag reflex 
Nasal speech
59
Q

Which CN is affected in bulbar palsy/

A

CN IX - CN XII

Neurology System (35 decks)

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