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Neurology System > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What are common causes of nerve compression?

A

Inflammation
Tumours
and Fraction

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3
Q

What do somatic motor fibres supply?

A

Supple striated muscle

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4
Q

Are somatic motor fibres voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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5
Q

What do autonomic motor fibres supply?

A

The things we dont think about

e.g smooth muscle

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6
Q

What are visceral sensory nerves?

A

Receive inputs from afferent sources e.g pharynx, heart, lungs
We are not normally conscious of it

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7
Q

Where do inputs from general sensory nerves come from?

A

Afferent inputs
e.g touch temp pain
From skin and mucous membrane

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8
Q

What are the inputs for special sensory nerves?

A

Taste, hearing, smelling, vision and balance

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9
Q

Do somatic motor fibres synapse?

A

No

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10
Q

Do autonomic motor fibres synapse?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory neve

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12
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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13
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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15
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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16
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducent nerve

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17
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

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18
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocohlear nerve

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19
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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20
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve

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22
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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23
Q

What is the main function of CN I?

A

Sensory smell

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24
Q

What is the main function of CN II?

A

Sensory vision

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25
Q

What is the main function of CN III?

A

Motor (eye movement)

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26
Q

What is the main function of CN IV?

A

Motor (eye movement)

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27
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A

Mixed sensation

Muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic, taste

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28
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

Motor (eye movement)

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29
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Mixed

Muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic, taste

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30
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

Sensory (hearing and balance)

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31
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A

Mixed
Swallowing, sensation from tongue
Parasympathetic supply

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32
Q

What is the function of CN X?

A

Mixed

Muscles of throat

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33
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

Motor

Soft palate, throat and neck

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34
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

Motor (tongue)

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35
Q

What is the pathway of CN I?

A

Receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity
Olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminfera in cribriform plate
Enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa

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36
Q

What can a fracture cribriform plate cause?

A

Anosmia due to tearing of the olfactory nerve

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37
Q

What is the pathway of CN II?

A

Enters via optic canal
nerve join to form optic chiasma
Fibres from medial half of each retina cross to form optic tract

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38
Q

What are the components of CN II?

A

Special sensory

Sight

39
Q

What would be the consequence of severing the right optic nerve?

A

Blindness in the right eye

40
Q

What would be the consequence of severing the optic chiasma?

A

Would affect nasal fibre

Losing peripheral vision

41
Q

What would be the effect of severing the right optic tract?

A

Blindness in the left temporal and right nasal fields

Losing left vision in both eyes

42
Q

What is the pathway of CN III?

A

Emerges from the midbrain and exists via the superior orbital fissure

43
Q

What are the somatic motor components of the CN III nerve?

A 
Somatic motor - extraocular muscles 
and LPS 
Controls 4 muscles that move the eye
IO
MR 
SR
IR
44
Q

What is the visceral motor component of the CN III nerve?

A

parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction

And contraction of ciliaris causing accommodation of the lens

45
Q

What would no pupillary reflex indicate?

A

Problem with CN VIII

46
Q

What would no accommodation of the lens indicate?

A

Problem with CN VIII

47
Q

What would abduction and inferior movement of the eyeball suggesT?

A

Problem with CNVIII

48
Q

What is the pathway of CN IV?

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain

Exits via the superior orbital fissure

49
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CN IV?

A

Extraocular muscle

SO

50
Q

What is the pathway of CN VI?

A

emerges between pons and medullar and exits via the superior orbital fissure

51
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CN VI?

A

Somatic motor control of extraocular muscle

Lateral rectus - abducts the eye

52
Q

What is the clinical application of CN VI?

A

Medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

53
Q

What are the 3 divisions of CN V?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

54
Q

What is the pathway of CN V1?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

55
Q

What are the components of CN V1?

A

general sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

56
Q

What is the pathway of CN V2?

A

Emerges from the pons travels though the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum

57
Q

What are the components of CN V2?

A

General sensory from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate

58
Q

What is the pathway of CN V3?

A

Emerges from the pons travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale

59
Q

What are the general sensory components of CN V3?

A

General sensory

From face over mandible, mandibular teeth, TMJ, mucosa of mouth and anterior 2/3rds of tongue

60
Q

What are the somatic motor components of CN V3?

A

Muscles of mastication, part of diagastric, tensor, veli palatini and tensor tympani

61
Q

What is the clinical application of CN V?

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication
Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex
loss of sensation in the face
Trigeminal neuralgia

62
Q

What is the pathway for CN VII?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

63
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CN VII?

A

Muscles of facial expression & scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of diagastric muscle

64
Q

What is the visceral motor component of CN VII?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands
Lacrimal glands and glands of nose and palate

65
Q

What is Bells Palsy caused by?

A

Injury/paralysis of the facial nerve

66
Q

What does the vestibulo system control?

A

Controls sense of balance

67
Q

What does the cochlear system control?

A

Controls sense of hearing

68
Q

What are the special sensory components of CNVIII?

A

vestibular sensation from the semi-circular canals
Utricle and saccule
Hearing from cochlea (spiral organ)

69
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Ringing sensation in the ear

70
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

When there is a problem with conduction of vibrations through the ear

71
Q

What is sensoneural hearing loss

A

When there is a problem with the inner ear preventing firing of AP to the cochlear nerve

72
Q

What is vertigo?

A

Loss of balance

73
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Involuntary rapid eye movements

74
Q

What is the pathway of CN IX?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

75
Q

What are the special sensory components of CN IX?

A

Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

76
Q

From which nerve does taste from anterior 2/3 or the tongue come from?

A

Chorda tympani

77
Q

What is the general sensory component of CN IX?

A

Cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity

78
Q

What is the visceral sensory component of CN IX?

A

Sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus

79
Q

What is the visceral motor component of CN IX?

A

Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

80
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CN IX?

A

To stylopharyngeus - helps with swallowing

81
Q

What is the pathway of CN X?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen then everywhere

82
Q

What is the special sensory component of CNX?

A

Taste from epiglottis and palate

83
Q

What is the general sensory component of CNX?

A

Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus

84
Q

What is the visceral component of CNX?

A

From pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, hear, oesophagus, stomach and intestine

85
Q

What is the visceral motor component of CN X?

A

Parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heat

86
Q

What is the somatic motor component of CNX?

A

To pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus

87
Q

What does damage to pharyngeal branches of CNX cause?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

88
Q

What does damage to laryngeal branches off CNX cause?

A

Difficult in speaking

89
Q

What is the pathway of CN XI?

A

Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

90
Q

What is the motor component of CN XI?

A

Somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx and to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

91
Q

What is the clinical significance of damage to CN XI?

A

Weakness in turning head and shoulder shrugging

Causes problems of innervation of the 2 major muscles

92
Q

What is the pathway of CN XII?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

93
Q

What is the somatic motor components of CN XII?

A

To muscles of the tongue

94
Q

What is the clinical significance of damage of CN XII?

A

Paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue

Tip of tongue deviates towards affected side

Neurology System (35 decks)

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