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Neurology System > Cells of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

A

Neurons

Glial cells

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2
Q

What are the features of a neurone?

A

Excitable cell

Carries AP

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3
Q

What are the features of a glial cell?

A

Non-excitable supporting cell
Much more plentiful than neurons
Much smaller than neurons

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4
Q

Describe the typical structure of a neuron

A

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axons
Synaptic terminal

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5
Q

Are there multiple dendrites and one axon or multiple axons with one dendrite?

A

Multiple dendrites with one axon

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6
Q

What cell organelles does a neuron contain?

A

Lots of mitochondria
rER
Diffuse golgi apparatus

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7
Q

Do neurons have a high or low metabolic rate?

A

High

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8
Q

What is the cytoplasm in the cell body of a neuron called?

A

Perikaryon

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9
Q

What is the cytoplasm in the axon of a neuron called?

A

Axoplasm

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10
Q

What is meant by amitotic?

A

Not going to regenerate

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11
Q

Under what circumstances can neurons grow back?

A

If the cell body has not been damaged

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12
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

To insulate axons

Increase AP conduction speed

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13
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

How do glial cells form the myelin sheath?

A

Their cell membranes wrap around the axon
Mesaxon i =s formed
Cytoplasm gets extruded leaving on the cell membrane

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16
Q

What is MS?

A

Autoimmune disease in which the bodies immune system attacks the myelin sheath

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17
Q

What is the cause of MS?

A

Idiopathic

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18
Q

What does an MRI scan show with MS?

A

Whitish plaques of demyelination

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19
Q

What is the prognosis for MS?

A

Variable

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20
Q

Which country has the highest incidence of MS?

A

Scotland

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Pseuounipolar
Multipolar
Bipolar

22
Q

What type of neurons are typical neurons?

A

Multipolar

23
Q

What type of neuron are all sensory neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar

24
Q

Are bipolar neurons common or rare?

A

Rare

25
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

Retina of the eye

26
Q

What composes grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

27
Q

What composes white matter?

A

Myelinated ac=xons

28
Q

In the peripheral NS what do myelinated axons form?

A

Nerves

29
Q

In the PNS what do cell bodies form?

A

Ganglia

30
Q

What are the main parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Diencephalon

31
Q

What composes the cerebrum?

A

2 cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

What composes the cerebellum?

A

2 cerebellar hemispheres

33
Q

What composes the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

34
Q

What composes the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

35
Q

Where is the stalk of the pituitary gland found?

A

Below the hypothalamus

36
Q

What are the 3 layers of cells in the developing embryo?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

37
Q

Which layer of the embryo forms the neural tube?

A

Ectoderm

38
Q

How is the does the ectoderm form the neural tube?

A

Thickening of the ectoderm occurs
Neural plate thickens and fold over (invaginates)
Tube has a cavity

39
Q

What are the cells in the periphery of the neural tube called?

A

Neural crest cells

40
Q

What does the cavity of the neural tube persist as in the adult brain?

A

Ventricles

41
Q

What do the ventricles of the brain contain?

A

CSF

42
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A 
Lateral ventricles 
Interventricular foramen 
3rd ventricles 
Cerebral aqueduct 
4th Ventricle
43
Q

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the lateral ventricles?

A

Interventricular foramen

44
Q

What connects the 4th ventricle to the 3rd ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

45
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

A

Dura
Pia
Arachnoid matter

46
Q

Where is CSF present in the meninges?

A

Subarachnoid space

47
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

48
Q

What are the dural folds present in the brain?

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

49
Q

What does the falx cerebri separate?

A

Separate the cerebral hemispheres

50
Q

What does the falx cerebelli separate?

A

The 2 cerebellar hemispheres

51
Q

Where does the tentorium cerebelli lie?

A

Between the cerebrum and cerebellum

Neurology System (35 decks)

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