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Neurology System > Medical Diseases of the Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Medical Diseases of the Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the motor signs of UMN Lesion?

A 
No muscle wasting 
Increase in tone 
Increase in reflexes 
Extensor planta 
Muscle spasticity
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2
Q

What are the motor signs of LMN lesion?

A

Decrease in tone
Decrease in reflexes
Flexor plantar
Muscle weakness

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3
Q

What is myelopathy?

A

Injury to the spinal cord due to severe compression

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4
Q

What are the causes of myelopathy?

A 
Inflammation
Vascular 
Infective 
Metabolic 
Malignancy 
Idiopathic
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5
Q

What type of inflammation can cause myelopathy?

A

MS
Autoimmune e.g lupus
Sarcoidosis

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6
Q

What is a well known disease of demyelination?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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7
Q

What should autoimmune inflammation be treated with?

A

Immunosuppression

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8
Q

What viral infections can cause myelopathies?

A

Herpes simples/zoster, EBV, CMV, measles, HIV

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9
Q

What bacterial infections can cause myelopathies?

A

TB
Lyme disease
Syphillis

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10
Q

What metabolic conditions can cause myelopathies?

A

B12 deficiencies

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11
Q

What artery supplies the anterior spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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12
Q

Which artery supples the posterior spinal cord?

A

Posterior spinal artery

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13
Q

What are the causes of spinal cord ischaemia?

A 
Atheromatous disease
Thromboembolic disease
Arterial dissection 
Systemic hypotension
Vasculitis 
Venous occlusion 
Endovascular procedures 
Decompression sickness
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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of spinal cord stroke?

A 
Back pain 
Visceral referred pain 
Weakness 
Paraparesis is more common than quadriparesis 
Leg weakness 
Bilateral sudden lower limb weakness 
Numbness 
Urinary and bowel incontenence
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15
Q

Which spinal artery is normally affected to cause spinal cord stroke?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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16
Q

What investigations should be carried out for spinal cord stroke?

A

MRI

17
Q

What is the treatment for spinal cord stroke?

A 
Aspirin 
Ot and physio 
Maintain BP 
Reverse arrythmias 
Antiplatelet therapy 
Manage vascular risk factors
18
Q

What is the prognosis for spinal cord stroke?

A

Unless significant motor recovery in first 24 hours chance of major recovery is low
Pain may be persistent and contribute to disability

19
Q

What is demyelinating myelitis?

A

Inflammation which affects the myelin sheath

20
Q

What is MS characterised by?

A

Pathological lesions of inflammation and demyelination leading to temporary neuronal dysfunction

21
Q

What is vitamin B12 abundant in?

A

Meat, fish and most animal by products

22
Q

What does B12 absorption require?

A

Intrinsic factors from the gut

23
Q

What is gut intrinsic factro released by?

A

Gastric parietal cells

24
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A

Autoimmune condition in which antibodies to IF prevent B12 absorption

25
Q

What is the commonest cause of percinious anaemia?

A

Inability to absorb B 12 at the terminal ileum

Or failure to produce IF in the stomach

26
Q

How does Vitamin B 12 deficiency affect the spinal cord?

A 
Myelopathy 
Paraesthesia in hands and feet 
First UMN sign Vitamin extensor plantar 
Degeneration of CTS 
Painless retention of urine
27
Q

What is the investigations for vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

FBC
Blood film
B12

28
Q

What is the treatment for Vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Intramuscular B12
Given daily
Then one every 3 months

29
Q

What happens if Vitamin B12 deficiency is left untreated?

A

It becomes permanent

30
Q

Why does B12 deficiency have to be treated quickly?

A

Because when left untreated it becomes permanent

31
Q

What is radiculopathy?

A

Radiculopathy is compression of the spinal cord at or near the root of the nerve shortly before it exits the spinal cord

Neurology System (35 decks)

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