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Neurology System > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

Dip/groove in the brain

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2
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

Elevation of the brain next to the sulcus

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3
Q

Where is grey matter found in the brain?

A

Around the outside

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4
Q

Where is white matter found in the brain?

A

In the centre

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5
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

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6
Q

What is the lateral ventricle?

A

Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Larger dip than a sulcus in the brain

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8
Q

Which groove separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

Why is the mean longitudinal fissure shiny in appearance?

A

Due to the meninges covering it

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10
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

The bridge that allows the 2 hemispheres of the brain to communicate

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11
Q

What type of fibres are found in the corpus callosum?

A

Commissural fibres

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12
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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13
Q

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

Separates the frontal from the parietal lobe

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14
Q

How many areas are there in the brain?

A

52

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15
Q

Which love of the brain has motor functions?

A

Frontal lobe

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16
Q

Which part of the brain deals with somatosensory information?

A

Parietal

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17
Q

What part of the brain deals with vision?

A

Occipital

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18
Q

Which part of the brain deals with hearing and smell?

A

Temporal

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19
Q

What is area 4?

A

Primary motor cortex

Pre central grus

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20
Q

What is area 44 and 45?

A

Broca’s area of motor speech

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21
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex deal with?

A

Cognitive functions of higher order e.g intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

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22
Q

Which areas are primary sensory areas?

A

Areas 1,2,3

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23
Q

Does the brain receive general sensations from the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

A

Contralateral

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24
Q

What is area 41, 42?

A

Primary auditory cortex

25
Q

What is Wernickes area?

A

Area of the cerebrum crucial for comprehension of speech

26
Q

In which gyrus does the primary auditory cortex lie?

A

Superior Temporal gyrus

27
Q

Which area lies either side of the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual cortex

28
Q

What is area 17?

A

Primary visual cortex

29
Q

What is area 18 and 19?

A

Visual association cortex

30
Q

What is the function of area 18 and 19?

A

Interpretation of visual images

31
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Motor speech area

32
Q

What is aphasia?

A

When there is a problem with speech

33
Q

What is aphasia caused by?

A

Damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

34
Q

Describe Broca’s aphasia

A

Understand speech
Knows what they want to say
But motor speech has been damage
Struggle to get their words out

35
Q

Describe Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Has fluent speech
But cannot comprehend speech
Isn’t aware of mistakes in their speech
Uses new meaningless words

36
Q

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres?

A

Commisural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

37
Q

Where are commisural fibres found?

A

Corpus callosum

38
Q

What are association fibres?

A

Fibres that connect one part of the cortex with the other

I.e connect primary areas to association areas

39
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

Fibres that run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

40
Q

What do projection fibres pass through?

A

Corona radiata

Internal Capsule

41
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Really denselly concentrated area of white motor fibres

42
Q

What type of fibres run in the internal capsule?

A

Projection fibres

43
Q

Where is the internal capsule located?

A

Narrow area between the thalamus
Caudate nucleus medially
Lentiform nucleus laterally

44
Q

Where does the internal capsule derive its blood supply from?

A

Middle cerebral artery

45
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies - grey matter

46
Q

Where are the basal ganglia located?

A

Deep within each cerebral hemisphere

47
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

48
Q

Why is the substantia nigra part of the basal ganglia and not part of it?

A

Functionally it is part of the basal ganglia but not anatomically

49
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

A

In the midbrain

50
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

A

Globus pallidus medially

Putamen laterally

51
Q

Which basal ganglia lies in the wall of the lateral ventricles?

A

Caudate nucleus

52
Q

What lies beside the 3rd ventricles?

53
Q

Which basal ganglia are input regions?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

54
Q

Which basal ganglia are output regions?

A

Globus pallidus

Substantia nigra

55
Q

Where do input regions recieive input information from?

A

Thalamus

Area 4 and 6

56
Q

To go from the caudate nucleus to the putamen what does information have to cross?

A

The internal capsule

57
Q

Where do output regions primaroly project to?

58
Q

From the thalamus where is information sent?

A

Motor area of the cortex

59
Q

What is the major function of the basal ganglia?

A

Regulate initiation and termination of movements

Neurology System (35 decks)

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